Cystic Fibrosis Treatment and Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes is primarily insulin deficiency and occurs primarily in children and young adults?

Type 1 diabetes (correct)

Type 2 diabetes

Prediabetes

Pancreatogenic diabetes

What is the primary purpose of airway clearance therapy in cystic fibrosis?

To prevent chronic lung infections

To improve CFTR gene function

To assist in the removal of mucus from the lungs (correct)

To thin mucus

What is released in response to high glucose levels in the blood and plays a role in glucose metabolism and storage?

Amylin

Somatostatin

Insulin (correct)

Glucagon

What can severe lung damage over time in cystic fibrosis necessitate?

A lung transplant Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes type 2 diabetes?

An inadequate response to insulin Signup and view all the answers

What can be a cause of pancreatogenic diabetes?

Chronic pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the delta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans?

Somatostatin Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of acute pancreatitis?

Excessive alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis?

Difficulty digesting and absorbing nutrients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis affecting the pancreas?

Defective transport of chloride, sodium, and water leading to thick mucus in the pancreatic ducts Signup and view all the answers

What are the mainstays of treatment for acute pancreatitis?

$ ext{IV}$ fluids, pain management, and antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of the exocrine glands in the pancreas?

Aiding in digestion by secreting enzymes into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the exocrine tissue of the pancreas?

Secretion of alkaline pancreatic juice rich in digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipase in digestion?

Digestion of fats Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal role of glucagon in the body?

To increase blood sugar levels Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves inflammation of the pancreas and requires immediate medical attention?

Acute pancreatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the exocrine tissue of the pancreas?

Production of digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)?

Insufficient insulin leading to extreme hyperosmolarity of blood and dehydration of cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the predisposing conditions for hypoglycemia in diabetes?

Skipping meals and vigorous exercise Signup and view all the answers

How does the pancreas regulate blood glucose levels?

By adjusting insulin output Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of diabetes treatment?

Achieving blood glucose control as close to normal as possible Signup and view all the answers

What causes gestational diabetes?

High placental hormone levels during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What are the complications associated with diabetes?

Diabetic coma, arteriosclerosis, blindness, renal failure, and peripheral neuritis Signup and view all the answers

What are the other causes of hyperglycemia besides diabetes?

Chronic pancreatic disease, endocrine diseases, drugs, and hereditary diseases Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pancreas: Endocrine and Exocrine Functions

Pancreas consists of exocrine glands (98-99%) for digestion and endocrine glands (1-2%) for glucose metabolism
The endocrine function includes pancreatic islets of Langerhans, with alpha cells secreting glucagon, beta cells secreting insulin, and delta cells secreting somatostatin
Acute pancreatitis can be caused by blockage, gallbladder disease, excessive alcohol consumption, trauma, infection, surgery, CF, or idiopathic causes
Acute pancreatitis can lead to severe abdominal pain, multiple organ failure, shock, and high mortality
Upper abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are common symptoms of acute pancreatitis
Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis involves elevated amylase/lipase and imaging with ultrasound or CT
Treatment for acute pancreatitis includes fluids, pain management, and antibiotics
Chronic pancreatitis is common in chronic alcoholism and leads to difficulty digesting and absorbing nutrients, diabetes, and bile duct blockage
Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis involves elevated amylase/lipase, X-ray or CT scan
Treatment for chronic pancreatitis includes pain management, IV hydration, and pancreatic enzyme supplements
Cystic fibrosis is a serious hereditary disease caused by mutation of CFTR, affecting the pancreas and other organs
Cystic fibrosis pathogenesis involves defective transport of chloride, sodium, and water, leading to thick mucus that obstructs pancreatic ducts, bronchi, bronchioles, and bile ducts

Diabetes and Associated Complications

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC) occurs in older, overweight, or obese adults
Blood glucose levels increase 10 to 20 times normal value during HHNC
Insufficient insulin leads to HHNC, causing extreme hyperosmolarity of blood and dehydration of cells
Hypoglycemia in diabetes occurs due to insufficient or excessive insulin levels
Conditions predisposing to hypoglycemia include skipping meals and vigorous exercise
The pancreas regulates blood glucose levels by adjusting insulin output
Treatment of diabetes involves diet control, insulin, and oral hypoglycemic drugs
The goal is to achieve blood glucose control as close to normal as possible
Complications of diabetes include diabetic coma, arteriosclerosis, blindness, renal failure, and peripheral neuritis
Gestational diabetes is caused by high placental hormone levels during pregnancy
Increased risk of T2D development is associated with gestational diabetes
Other causes of hyperglycemia include chronic pancreatic disease, endocrine diseases, drugs, and hereditary diseases

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Description

Test your knowledge on the treatment and management of cystic fibrosis. Explore drug combinations for airway clearance therapy, prophylactic use of antibiotics, and potential need for lung transplant. Learn about medications to improve CFTR gene function and thin mucus, as well as the role of bronchodilators.