Cystic Fibrosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary defect in Cystic Fibrosis?

  • Abnormal transport of sodium ions
  • Inefficient transport of oxygen in the lungs
  • Defect in chloride channel protein (correct)
  • Impaired pancreatic enzyme secretion

    • Which type of lung cancer has the lowest association with smoking?

  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Adenocarcinoma (correct)
  • Large cell carcinoma
  • Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma

    • What is the primary goal of inhaled recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (DNase) in Cystic Fibrosis treatment?

  • To break down the thick mucus in the respiratory tract (correct)
  • To reduce the production of sweat glands
  • To stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion
  • To enhance the immune system's response to infections

    • What is the current median age of death for individuals with Cystic Fibrosis?

    <p>Over 30 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of lung cancers attributed to cigarette smoking?

    <p>Over 85% of cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of lung cancers classified as Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?

    <p>25% of lung cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Sense of fullness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is associated with thoracic aneurysms?

    <p>Syphilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Grey Turner sign and Cullen sign in the context of abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>They are signs of retroperitoneal bleeding, but not very sensitive for ruptured AAA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the triad of symptoms indicating a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Abdominal pain, hypotension, and a palpable pulsatile abdominal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate management for a patient presenting with the triad of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Emergent laparotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of pain in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm?

    <p>Hypogastrium and lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of transudative effusions in pleural spaces?

    <p>Elevated capillary pressure in visceral or parietal pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most likely due to compression of the esophagus?

    <p>Dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is most commonly involved in diaphragm paralysis?

    <p>Phrenic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate next step in the management of an asymptomatic patient with a benign-appearing mass on CT scan?

    <p>Close observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common complication of a mediastinal mass?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic test of choice for evaluating a mediastinal mass?

    <p>Chest CT with IV contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of a 10-fold increase in ALK-P levels?

    <p>Intrahepatic cholestasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of aperistalsis of esophagus in the United States?

    <p>Idiopathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of dysphagia in patients with achalasia?

    <p>Equal difficulty swallowing solids and liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a normal GGT level in a patient with elevated ALK-P levels?

    <p>It confirms a bone or intestinal origin of the ALK-P elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for weight loss in patients with achalasia?

    <p>Inability to consume adequate calories due to dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical AST-ALT ratio in a patient with abnormal LFTs due to alcohol consumption?

    <p>The AST level is always higher than the ALT level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase and GGT levels in a patient's LFTs?

    <p>It suggests cholestatic LFTs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended surveillance measure for patients with achalasia?

    <p>Surveillance esophagoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the liver reflected by the Prothrombin Time (PT)?

    <p>Synthesis of clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the increased risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia?

    <p>Sevenfold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common type of esophageal cancer associated with achalasia?

    <p>Squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of a decreased albumin level in a patient?

    <p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

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