Cybersecurity Quiz chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

Which security requirement focuses on ensuring that data is not disclosed to unauthorized parties?

  • Nonrepudiation
  • Confidentiality (correct)
  • Availability
  • Integrity

    • What is the main purpose of the OSI Security Architecture?

  • To list and describe key organizations involved in cryptography standards
  • To provide a framework for understanding computer security concepts (correct)
  • To define the types of security attacks
  • To describe the fundamental security design principles

    • Which type of attack involves an unauthorized individual eavesdropping on network communications?

  • Active attack
  • Passive attack (correct)
  • Authentication attack
  • Access control attack

    • What are attack surfaces and attack trees used for?

    <p>To identify and analyze potential security vulnerabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes asymmetric encryption?

    <p>Used to conceal small blocks of data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of data integrity algorithms?

    <p>To protect blocks of data from alteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do authentication protocols aim to do?

    <p>Authenticate the identity of entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does computer security aim to achieve?

    <p>Preserve the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of information system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three security objectives listed in the NIST standard FIPS 199?

    <p>Authenticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a loss of availability refer to?

    <p>Disruption of access to or use of information or an information system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an additional concept that some in the security field feel is needed to present a complete picture of security objectives?

    <p>Confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of accountability in computer security?

    <p>To trace actions of an entity to that entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about security mechanisms?

    <p>They can be quite complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when developing a security mechanism or algorithm?

    <p>The potential attacks on security features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are security mechanisms often counterintuitive?

    <p>Because they are complex and elaborate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage that attackers have in computer and network security?

    <p>They only need to find a single weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a severe or catastrophic adverse effect according to the security policy document?

    <p>Loss of mission capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an asset with a high requirement for integrity?

    <p>Hospital patient's allergy information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an asset with a low availability requirement?

    <p>Online telephone directory lookup application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an asset with a moderate level of integrity requirement?

    <p>Web site that offers a forum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of masquerade attack involves capturing and replaying authentication sequences to obtain unauthorized privileges?

    <p>Replay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the denial of service attack?

    <p>To prevent or inhibit the normal use of communications facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of attack involves altering legitimate messages or delaying/reordering messages?

    <p>Modification of messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of a masquerade attack?

    <p>To impersonate an authorized entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of attack involves the passive capture of a data unit and its subsequent retransmission to produce an unauthorized effect?

    <p>Passive capture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an authorized entity with few privileges obtain through a masquerade attack?

    <p>Extra privileges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a security attack?

    <p>An action that compromises the security of information owned by an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of a passive attack?

    <p>To learn or make use of information from the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a passive attack?

    <p>Traffic analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of encryption in preventing passive attacks?

    <p>To prevent an opponent from learning the contents of messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a security attack?

    <p>An action that compromises the security of information owned by an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a passive attack and an active attack?

    <p>A passive attack attempts to learn or make use of information from the system, while an active attack attempts to alter system resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of a passive attack?

    <p>To monitor transmissions and obtain information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a masquerade attack?

    <p>When one entity pretends to be a different entity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Asymmetric encryption is used to protect blocks of data from alteration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Data integrity algorithms are used to conceal small blocks of data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Authentication protocols are schemes based on the use of cryptographic algorithms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Computer security aims to preserve the confidentiality, availability, and integrity of information system resources.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Cryptographic algorithms and protocols are mainly used for network and internet security.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Symmetric encryption is used to conceal the contents of blocks or streams of data of any size.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The X.800 security architecture is used for OSI.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Attack surfaces and attack trees are used to identify and analyze potential security threats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A severe or catastrophic adverse effect can result in major financial loss.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Student grade information is an asset with a low confidentiality rating.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Inaccurate information about a patient's allergy can result in serious harm or death.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: An online telephone directory lookup application typically has a high availability requirement.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive attacks involve altering system resources or affecting their operation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active attacks attempt to learn or make use of information from the system without affecting system resources.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Passive attacks include eavesdropping on or monitoring transmissions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Active attacks involve the release of message contents and traffic analysis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Availability ensures that systems work promptly and service is not denied to authorized users.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Confidentiality refers to preserving authorized restrictions on information access and disclosure.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Integrity involves guarding against improper information modification or destruction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Authenticity means verifying that users are who they say they are and that each input arrived from a trusted source.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The OSI security architecture provides a systematic approach for defining security requirements and characterizing security approaches.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Successful attacks on security mechanisms often exploit unexpected weaknesses that result from looking at the problem in a different way.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Security mechanisms typically involve only a particular algorithm or protocol and do not require participants to possess any secret information.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: In computer and network security, the attacker only needs to find a single weakness, while the designer must find and eliminate all weaknesses to achieve perfect security.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A masquerade attack involves capturing and replaying authentication sequences to obtain unauthorized privileges.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Modification of messages in a masquerade attack means altering a legitimate message to produce an unauthorized effect.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Denial of service attack prevents or inhibits the normal use or management of communications facilities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A masquerade attack involves delaying or reordering messages to produce an unauthorized effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A masquerade attack involves suppressing all messages directed to a particular destination.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: A passive attack involves the passive capture of a data unit and its subsequent retransmission to produce an unauthorized effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Security Concepts

    • Computer security is defined as the protection of automated information systems to attain the objectives of preserving the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information system resources.

    Key Security Objectives

    • Confidentiality: Assures that private or confidential information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, and includes data confidentiality and privacy.
    • Integrity: Assures that information and programs are changed only in a specified and authorized manner, and includes data integrity and system integrity.
    • Availability: Assures that systems work promptly and service is not denied to authorized users.

    The CIA Triad

    • The CIA triad is a term used to describe the three key security objectives: confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
    • These objectives are fundamental to the security of both data and information and computing services.

    Additional Security Concepts

    • Authenticity: The property of being genuine and being able to be verified and trusted.
    • Accountability: The security goal that generates the requirement for actions of an entity to be traced uniquely to that entity.

    Security Services

    • Authentication: Verifying the identity of entities.
    • Access Control: Controlling access to resources based on authorized permissions.
    • Data Confidentiality: Protecting data from unauthorized disclosure.
    • Data Integrity: Protecting data from unauthorized modification or deletion.
    • Nonrepudiation: Ensuring that a sender of a message cannot deny having sent the message.
    • Availability: Ensuring that systems and data are available when needed.

    The OSI Security Architecture

    • The OSI security architecture is a systematic approach to defining security requirements and characterizing approaches to satisfying those requirements.
    • It focuses on security attacks, mechanisms, and services.
    • Security attacks: Actions that compromise the security of information.
    • Security mechanisms: Processes or devices that detect, prevent, or recover from security attacks.
    • Security services: Processing or communication services that enhance the security of data processing systems and information transfers.

    Challenges of Computer Security

    • Security is not as simple as it might first appear.

    • Developing security mechanisms requires considering potential attacks.

    • Security mechanisms are often complex and counterintuitive.

    • It is necessary to decide where to use security mechanisms.

    • Security mechanisms involve more than just algorithms or protocols.

    • Computer and network security is a battle of wits between perpetrator and designer.

    • Users and system managers often view security as an afterthought.

    • Security requires regular monitoring.

    • Security is often viewed as an impediment to efficient and user-friendly operation.### Internet Security Glossary

    • The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a United Nations-sponsored agency that develops standards, called Recommendations, relating to telecommunications and to open systems interconnection (OSI).

    Security Threats and Attacks

    • A threat is a potential for violation of security, which exists when there is a circumstance, capability, action, or event that could breach security and cause harm.
    • An attack is an assault on system security that derives from an intelligent threat, which is a deliberate attempt to evade security services and violate the security policy of a system.

    Types of Security Attacks

    • Passive attacks:
      • Attempt to learn or make use of information from the system but do not affect system resources.
      • Examples: eavesdropping, monitoring of transmissions, release of message contents, and traffic analysis.
      • Difficult to detect because they do not involve any alteration of the data.
      • Prevention is usually done by means of encryption.
    • Active attacks:
      • Attempt to alter system resources or affect their operation.
      • Examples: masquerade, replay, modification of messages, and denial of service.
      • Subcategories:
        • Masquerade: one entity pretends to be a different entity.
        • Replay: passive capture of a data unit and its subsequent retransmission to produce an unauthorized effect.
        • Modification of messages: altering a portion of a legitimate message to produce an unauthorized effect.
        • Denial of service: preventing or inhibiting the normal use or management of communications facilities.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cybersecurity with this quiz on security attacks, mechanisms, and services. Learn about the different types of attacks that can compromise information, the processes and devices designed to prevent or recover from attacks, and the communication services that enhance the security of data processing systems. Put your cybersecurity expertise to the test!

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