Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the MOST critical focus of network security, distinguishing it from general computer science?
What is the MOST critical focus of network security, distinguishing it from general computer science?
- Achieving desired system behavior.
- Optimizing system performance.
- Ensuring user-friendly interfaces.
- Preventing undesired system behavior. (correct)
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a violation of the 'Confidentiality' principle within the CIA triad?
Which of the following scenarios BEST exemplifies a violation of the 'Confidentiality' principle within the CIA triad?
- An employee accidentally leaves a laptop containing unencrypted customer data on a train. (correct)
- A disgruntled employee intentionally deletes important project files from a shared drive.
- A server containing critical financial data crashes due to a power outage.
- A hacker modifies sensitive patient records in a hospital database.
In the context of network security, which of the following BEST describes the role of 'Authentication'?
In the context of network security, which of the following BEST describes the role of 'Authentication'?
- Verifying the identity of a user or system attempting to access resources. (correct)
- Ensuring that data remains unchanged during transmission.
- Controlling which resources a user can access after logging in.
- Encrypting data to prevent unauthorized viewing.
Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates a successful implementation of 'Physical Security' as a tool for confidentiality?
Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates a successful implementation of 'Physical Security' as a tool for confidentiality?
What is the MOST significant characteristic of a 'Checksum' function used to ensure data integrity?
What is the MOST significant characteristic of a 'Checksum' function used to ensure data integrity?
In the context of data integrity, how do 'Data Correcting Codes' provide an advantage over simple checksums?
In the context of data integrity, how do 'Data Correcting Codes' provide an advantage over simple checksums?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary purpose of 'Computational Redundancies' in ensuring availability?
Which of the following BEST describes the primary purpose of 'Computational Redundancies' in ensuring availability?
How does 'Assurance' contribute to the overall security of a system?
How does 'Assurance' contribute to the overall security of a system?
Which of the following is the MOST critical function of 'Digital Signatures' in establishing Authenticity?
Which of the following is the MOST critical function of 'Digital Signatures' in establishing Authenticity?
Which of the following tools is MOST directly associated with achieving 'Anonymity' in online communications?
Which of the following tools is MOST directly associated with achieving 'Anonymity' in online communications?
What underlying principle is MOST directly compromised by 'Eavesdropping'?
What underlying principle is MOST directly compromised by 'Eavesdropping'?
Which scenario BEST demonstrates the 'Alteration' threat in network security?
Which scenario BEST demonstrates the 'Alteration' threat in network security?
Which is the PRIMARY goal of a 'Denial-of-Service' attack?
Which is the PRIMARY goal of a 'Denial-of-Service' attack?
What key element defines an act of 'Repudiation' in the context of network security?
What key element defines an act of 'Repudiation' in the context of network security?
How would the use of a 'Mixing' tool help achieve anonymity?
How would the use of a 'Mixing' tool help achieve anonymity?
In the CIA triad, what is the relationship between 'Confidentiality' and 'Integrity'?
In the CIA triad, what is the relationship between 'Confidentiality' and 'Integrity'?
Which of the following BEST represents a scenario where 'Authentication' and 'Authorization' are both successfully implemented?
Which of the following BEST represents a scenario where 'Authentication' and 'Authorization' are both successfully implemented?
Which of the following is a critical distinction between 'Policies' and 'Protections' in the context of trust management?
Which of the following is a critical distinction between 'Policies' and 'Protections' in the context of trust management?
How does implementing 'Physical Protections' contribute to the overall 'Availability' of a system?
How does implementing 'Physical Protections' contribute to the overall 'Availability' of a system?
How does the concept of 'Non-Repudiation' relate to digital signatures and online transactions?
How does the concept of 'Non-Repudiation' relate to digital signatures and online transactions?
Which action would MOST directly mitigate the risk associated with 'Eavesdropping' attacks?
Which action would MOST directly mitigate the risk associated with 'Eavesdropping' attacks?
What is the MOST effective method to counter a 'Man-in-the-Middle' attack?
What is the MOST effective method to counter a 'Man-in-the-Middle' attack?
What strategy would be MOST effective in defending against a 'Denial-of-Service' attack?
What strategy would be MOST effective in defending against a 'Denial-of-Service' attack?
In a situation where a customer denies placing an order online, what security measure could offer protection against such 'Repudiation'?
In a situation where a customer denies placing an order online, what security measure could offer protection against such 'Repudiation'?
Within the context of 'Assurance', how do 'Permissions' interact with 'Policies' and 'Protections' to manage trust?
Within the context of 'Assurance', how do 'Permissions' interact with 'Policies' and 'Protections' to manage trust?
Which of the following attack types PRIMARILY targets the 'Availability' aspect of the CIA triad?
Which of the following attack types PRIMARILY targets the 'Availability' aspect of the CIA triad?
An organization implements a system where user actions are logged and timestamped, providing an audit trail. Which security concept does this PRIMARILY support?
An organization implements a system where user actions are logged and timestamped, providing an audit trail. Which security concept does this PRIMARILY support?
A company decides to use homomorphic encryption. What security goal is BEST achieved by this technology?
A company decides to use homomorphic encryption. What security goal is BEST achieved by this technology?
A network administrator notices unusual traffic patterns and suspects a network sniffing attack. What immediate action should they take to contain the potential damage?
A network administrator notices unusual traffic patterns and suspects a network sniffing attack. What immediate action should they take to contain the potential damage?
A company wants to ensure that even if there is a full breach of their data center, customer PII remains unreadable. Which of the following security measures BEST achieves this?
A company wants to ensure that even if there is a full breach of their data center, customer PII remains unreadable. Which of the following security measures BEST achieves this?
A company's incident response team discovers that an attacker has successfully launched an SQL injection attack. What security principle has been MOST directly violated?
A company's incident response team discovers that an attacker has successfully launched an SQL injection attack. What security principle has been MOST directly violated?
An organization adopts a 'Zero Trust' security model. What fundamentally changes about their network security approach?
An organization adopts a 'Zero Trust' security model. What fundamentally changes about their network security approach?
How Can 'Aggregation' can be used to better achieve anonymity?
How Can 'Aggregation' can be used to better achieve anonymity?
Why should security best-practices still be followed if obscurity is baked into a system?
Why should security best-practices still be followed if obscurity is baked into a system?
What is the BEST way to keep the password database secure?
What is the BEST way to keep the password database secure?
A server is undergoing an alteration attack. What is the BEST way to reduce the attack surface?
A server is undergoing an alteration attack. What is the BEST way to reduce the attack surface?
An attacker copies the files off a server, but the data itself is still secure. What CIA triad component has been affected?
An attacker copies the files off a server, but the data itself is still secure. What CIA triad component has been affected?
What is the STRONGEST reason to use a VPN?
What is the STRONGEST reason to use a VPN?
Flashcards
Computer/Network Security
Computer/Network Security
Policies, processes, and practices to prevent unauthorized access or misuse of a computer network and its resources.
Desired Behavior
Desired Behavior
Achieving a desired behavior in computer science.
Preventing undesired behavior
Preventing undesired behavior
Preventing undesired behavior in computer science.
Adversary
Adversary
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CIA Triad
CIA Triad
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality
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Encryption
Encryption
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Access Control
Access Control
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Authentication
Authentication
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Physical Security
Physical Security
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Integrity
Integrity
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Backups
Backups
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Checksums
Checksums
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Data Correcting Codes
Data Correcting Codes
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Availability
Availability
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Physical Protections
Physical Protections
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Computational Redundancies
Computational Redundancies
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Assurance
Assurance
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Policies
Policies
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Permissions
Permissions
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Protections
Protections
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Authenticity
Authenticity
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Digital Signatures
Digital Signatures
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Nonrepudiation
Nonrepudiation
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Anonymity
Anonymity
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Aggregation
Aggregation
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Mixing
Mixing
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Proxies
Proxies
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Alias
Alias
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Eavesdropping
Eavesdropping
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Alteration
Alteration
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Man-in-the-Middle Attack
Man-in-the-Middle Attack
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Denial-of-Service
Denial-of-Service
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Repudiation
Repudiation
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Study Notes
- Network security includes policies, processes, and practices to prevent, detect, and monitor unauthorized access, misuse, modification, or denial of a computer network and network-accessible resources.
- Most of computer science focuses on achieving desired behavior.
- Security focuses on preventing undesired behavior.
- Security involves considering enemies/opponents/hackers/adversaries who are actively and maliciously trying to circumvent protective measures.
Principles of Security
- The CIA triad embodies fundamental security objectives for data, information, and computing services.
- CIA represents Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
CIA Triad Explained
- Confidentiality prevents the disclosure of data to unauthorized parties.
- Integrity protects information from being modified by unauthorized parties.
- Availability ensures authorized parties can access information when needed.
Tools for Confidentiality
- Encryption is the process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
- Access control (authorization) includes rules and policies that limit access to confidential information to individuals or systems with a "need to know".
- Authentication determines the identity or role of an individual, often through a combination of factors.
- Physical security involves establishing physical barriers to limit access to protected computational resources.
Integrity Tools
- Backups involve the periodic archiving of data.
- Checksums compute a function that maps the contents of a file to a numerical value.
- Data correcting codes involve methods for storing data.
Availability Tools
- Physical protections infrastructure meant to keep information available even in the event of physical challenges.
- Computational redundancies includes computers and storage devices that serve as fallbacks if there is failures.
Other Security Concepts
- A.A.A. refers to Authenticity, Assurance and Anonymity.
Assurance
- Assurance describes how trust is provided and managed in computer systems.
- Trust management relies on:
- Policies: specifies behavioral expectations for people or systems.
- Permissions: describes behaviors allowed by agents interacting with a person or system.
- Protections: mechanisms to enforce permissions and polices.
Authenticity
- Authenticity is being able to determine that statements, policies, and permissions issued by persons or systems are genuine.
- The primary tool for authenticity is digital signatures which allows a person or system to commit to the authenticity of their documents achieving nonrepudiation.
- Nonrepudiation is the property that authentic statements issued by some person or system can not be denied.
Anonymity
- Anonymity is the property that certain records or transactions are not attributable to any individual.
- Tools to achieve anonymity:
- Aggregation: combining data from many individuals so disclosed sums or averages can not be tied to any individual.
- Mixing: intertwining transactions, information, or communications in a way that cannot be traced.
- Proxies: trusted agents that are willing to engage in actions without being traced back to an individual.
- Alias: fictional identities used in communications/transactions, known only to a trusted entity.
Threats and Attacks
- Eavesdropping is the interception of information intended for someone else during transmission.
- Alteration: unauthorized modification of information.
- A Man-in-the-middle attack is an example of of alteration, where a network stream is intercepted, modified, and retransmitted.
- Denial-of-service is the interruption or degradation of a data service or information access.
- Email spam is an example of a denial-of-service.
- Repudiation is the denial of a commitment or data receipt.
- Repudiation involves backing out of a contract or protocol requiring receipt acknowledgements.
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