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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the BEST description of a security mechanism?
Which of the following is the BEST description of a security mechanism?
- A specific method, technique, or tool used to protect computer systems and networks. (correct)
- An intrusion detection system that monitors system logs for suspicious activity.
- A firewall that blocks unauthorized network traffic.
- A complex algorithm that generates encryption keys.
What is the PRIMARY goal of implementing security mechanisms?
What is the PRIMARY goal of implementing security mechanisms?
- To simplify user access and reduce authentication steps.
- To maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. (correct)
- To minimize hardware costs and extend the lifespan of computing devices.
- To increase network bandwidth and reduce latency.
In the context of security mechanisms, what does 'confidentiality' primarily ensure?
In the context of security mechanisms, what does 'confidentiality' primarily ensure?
- Data is accessible only to authorized individuals. (correct)
- Data remains unaltered during storage and transmission.
- Data is processed quickly and efficiently.
- Data is easily accessible to all users.
What does 'integrity' refer to within the goals of security mechanisms?
What does 'integrity' refer to within the goals of security mechanisms?
What does 'availability' mean in the context of security mechanisms?
What does 'availability' mean in the context of security mechanisms?
What is the PRIMARY focus of cryptology?
What is the PRIMARY focus of cryptology?
What is the MAIN objective of cryptography?
What is the MAIN objective of cryptography?
What is the process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext?
What is the process of transforming plaintext into ciphertext?
What is the process of transforming ciphertext back into plaintext?
What is the process of transforming ciphertext back into plaintext?
Which term describes the original, readable message before encryption?
Which term describes the original, readable message before encryption?
What is the encrypted, unreadable form of a message called?
What is the encrypted, unreadable form of a message called?
Which term describes the study of methods to defeat cryptographic systems?
Which term describes the study of methods to defeat cryptographic systems?
What is a cryptosystem?
What is a cryptosystem?
What is the role of an algorithm in cryptography?
What is the role of an algorithm in cryptography?
What is the purpose of a 'key' in cryptography?
What is the purpose of a 'key' in cryptography?
In symmetric encryption, what key is used for encryption and decryption?
In symmetric encryption, what key is used for encryption and decryption?
In asymmetric encryption, how many keys are used?
In asymmetric encryption, how many keys are used?
In the process of symmetric encryption, what does the sender create by encrypting the plaintext?
In the process of symmetric encryption, what does the sender create by encrypting the plaintext?
During asymmetric encryption, which key does the sender typically use to encrypt the plaintext message?
During asymmetric encryption, which key does the sender typically use to encrypt the plaintext message?
During asymmetric encryption, which key does the recipient use to decrypt the ciphertext message?
During asymmetric encryption, which key does the recipient use to decrypt the ciphertext message?
What happens if the recipient decrypts a message with the wrong key in asymmetric encryption?
What happens if the recipient decrypts a message with the wrong key in asymmetric encryption?
Which of the following is a type of cipher used in cryptography?
Which of the following is a type of cipher used in cryptography?
Which of the following describes a substitution cipher?
Which of the following describes a substitution cipher?
What is a primary advantage of using substitution ciphers?
What is a primary advantage of using substitution ciphers?
What is a PRIMARY disadvantage of substitution ciphers?
What is a PRIMARY disadvantage of substitution ciphers?
What does a columnar transposition cipher involve?
What does a columnar transposition cipher involve?
In a single transposition cipher, how is the number of columns determined?
In a single transposition cipher, how is the number of columns determined?
What character is often used in transposition ciphers to fill vacant slots in the matrix?
What character is often used in transposition ciphers to fill vacant slots in the matrix?
What is the purpose of using a double transposition cipher?
What is the purpose of using a double transposition cipher?
After organizing the keyword alphabetically and placing plaintext into columns by rows, what is the next step in single transposition?
After organizing the keyword alphabetically and placing plaintext into columns by rows, what is the next step in single transposition?
When undertaking the double transposition cipher process, what must be ensured after applying the process to the single transposition ciphertext?
When undertaking the double transposition cipher process, what must be ensured after applying the process to the single transposition ciphertext?
In order to find the plaintext from the ciphertext in Caesar Cipher with technique shift of 4, what do you need to do?
In order to find the plaintext from the ciphertext in Caesar Cipher with technique shift of 4, what do you need to do?
What distinguishes a double transposition cipher from a single transposition cipher?
What distinguishes a double transposition cipher from a single transposition cipher?
A primary reason to choose symmetric encryption over asymmetric encryption is?
A primary reason to choose symmetric encryption over asymmetric encryption is?
The Caesar cipher has a shift of 3. If 'A' is the plaintext, what is the ciphertext?
The Caesar cipher has a shift of 3. If 'A' is the plaintext, what is the ciphertext?
Assuming that the single transposition algorithm used the key TRACKS. What column would be extracted first?
Assuming that the single transposition algorithm used the key TRACKS. What column would be extracted first?
What is the number of shift(s) that results in returning the same text?
What is the number of shift(s) that results in returning the same text?
How does cryptanalysis relate to cryptography?
How does cryptanalysis relate to cryptography?
In terms of cryptography goals, which definition matches authorization?
In terms of cryptography goals, which definition matches authorization?
The terms cipher and algorithm, are they interchangeable?
The terms cipher and algorithm, are they interchangeable?
Which of the following is the correct calculation of a single transposition of Columnar Transposition Cipher technique shift, assuming the key used is the number 8?
Which of the following is the correct calculation of a single transposition of Columnar Transposition Cipher technique shift, assuming the key used is the number 8?
What is one way to prevent cipher method be difficult
What is one way to prevent cipher method be difficult
Flashcards
Security Mechanism
Security Mechanism
A specific method, technique, or tool used to protect computer systems, networks, and digital data from cyber threats and attacks.
Cryptology
Cryptology
The science of making and breaking secret codes.
Cryptography
Cryptography
The art of protecting information so only the intended recipient can read or process it.
Encryption
Encryption
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Decryption
Decryption
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Plaintext
Plaintext
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Ciphertext
Ciphertext
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Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis
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Cryptosystem
Cryptosystem
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Algorithm
Algorithm
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Key
Key
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Symmetric Encryption
Symmetric Encryption
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Asymmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
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Substitution Cipher
Substitution Cipher
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Transposition Cipher
Transposition Cipher
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Single Transposition Cipher
Single Transposition Cipher
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Double Transposition Cipher
Double Transposition Cipher
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Study Notes
- Security mechanisms involve specific methods, techniques, or tools.
- Security mechanisms protect computer systems and networks.
- Security mechanisms combat cyber threats and attacks.
Learning Objectives:
- Cryptography focuses on encryption concepts and operations.
- Authentication covers security services, including authentication, authorization, and accountability.
- Data security aims at safeguarding data using tools and systems.
- Risk management involves identifying, assessing, and controlling risks.
Goals of Security Mechanism:
- Goals maintain confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
- Confidentiality ensures data is accessible only to authorized individuals.
- Integrity guarantees data remains unaltered.
- Availability entails data being reliable at timely manners and uninterrupted.
Cryptography:
- Cryptology is the science of creating and breaking secret codes.
- Cryptography is the art of protecting data, so only the intended recipient can read or process it.
Processes in Cryptography:
- Encryption transforms plaintext into ciphertext.
- Decryption transforms ciphertext back into plaintext.
Terminologies Used in Cryptography:
- Plaintext is the original message or readable data.
- Ciphertext is the encrypted, meaningless, or non-readable data.
- Cryptanalysis is the study of secret code systems to obtain information.
- Cryptosystem is the set of specific algorithms used.
- Algorithm is a set of instructions (cipher) for a specific task.
- Key is the string of characters used within an encryption algorithm.
Types of Encryption:
- Symmetric encryption uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data.
- Asymmetric encryption uses one key to encrypt and a different key to decrypt data.
Symmetric Encryption - Process:
- The sender creates a ciphertext message by encrypting plaintext with a symmetric encryption algorithm and shared key.
- The sender sends the ciphertext message to the recipient.
- The recipient decrypts the ciphertext message back into plaintext with the shared key.
Asymmetric Encryption - Process:
- The sender creates a ciphertext message by encrypting the plaintext message with an asymmetric encryption algorithm and the recipient's public key.
- The sender sends the ciphertext message to the recipient.
- The recipient decrypts the ciphertext message back into plaintext using the private key, which corresponds to the public key.
Methods of Creating Ciphertext:
- Substitution cipher replaces letters.
- Transposition cipher rearranges letters.
Substitution Cipher:
- Substitution cipher is a method where letters are replaced by other letters to create ciphertext, applying a technique shift of a key.
- Advantage: easy to perform.
- Disadvantage: easily broken.
Single Transposition Cipher:
- Single transposition cipher is known as columnar transposition cipher.
- Number of columns are defined by the keyword.
- x represents character for vacant slot.
Double Transposition Cipher:
- Double transposition cipher transposes the column twice.
- Run ciphertext from a single transposition algorithm to create a more difficult ciphertext.
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