Cybersecurity: Gray Hat Hackers and Malware

Types of Hackers

• Gray hat hackers: do not have prior knowledge or consent of system owners, but report weaknesses instead of exploiting them, and may demand payment for full details.
• White hat hackers (ethical security hackers): identify and fix vulnerabilities with permission from the organization, to strengthen overall internet security.
• Black hat hackers (cybercriminals): illegally crack systems with malicious intent, seeking to gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Malware

• Definition: software that infects and damages a computer system without the owner's knowledge or permission.
• Prevention: download anti-malware program, activate network threat protection, firewall, and antivirus.

Trojan Horses

• Definition: email viruses that can duplicate themselves, steal information, or harm the computer system.
• Prevention: use security suites like Avast Internet security to prevent downloading Trojan Horses.
• Launch methods: email phishing, malicious websites, or exploiting software vulnerabilities.

Password Cracking

• Definition: attacks by hackers to determine or find passwords to access protected electronic areas and social network sites.
• Prevention: use strong passwords, never use the same password for two different sites.

Cybersecurity

• Definition: security offered through online services to protect information.
• Need: necessary to secure data from threats like data theft or misuse, and safeguard systems from viruses.

Related Terms

• Phishing: attempt to steal sensitive information, typically in the form of usernames, passwords, credit card numbers, or bank account information.
• Digital footprint: information about a person that exists on the internet as a result of their online activity, even after deletion.
• Cyber: combination form relating to information technology, the internet, and virtual reality.

Viruses and Worms

• Definition: programs loaded onto a computer without knowledge and running against wishes.
• Solution: install a security suite that protects the computer against viruses and worms.

Hacking

• Definition: breaking into computers by gaining access to administrative controls.
• Prevention: effective security controls including strong passwords and the use of firewall can help prevent hacking.