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Questions and Answers
Which type of hacker typically engages in hacking for a political or ideological purpose?
Which type of hacker typically engages in hacking for a political or ideological purpose?
What is the primary intention behind the actions of a cracker?
What is the primary intention behind the actions of a cracker?
Which hacking term refers to the act of flooding a host with excessive network traffic to disrupt its services?
Which hacking term refers to the act of flooding a host with excessive network traffic to disrupt its services?
What type of hacker is typically less skilled and uses tools created by more experienced hackers?
What type of hacker is typically less skilled and uses tools created by more experienced hackers?
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Which method is NOT typically used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems?
Which method is NOT typically used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems?
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What is a method used to protect against vulnerabilities in cable modems and DSL?
What is a method used to protect against vulnerabilities in cable modems and DSL?
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Which of the following is a common method for password guessing?
Which of the following is a common method for password guessing?
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What is a significant risk factor for intrusions from within an organization?
What is a significant risk factor for intrusions from within an organization?
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What does an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) do?
What does an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) do?
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Which option describes the purpose of a honeypot in network security?
Which option describes the purpose of a honeypot in network security?
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Study Notes
Hackers, Crackers, and Network Intruders
- Hackers pursue knowledge and improvement, often for beneficial purposes.
- Crackers exploit systems with malicious intent, stealing or damaging data.
- Network Intruders attempt unauthorized access to computer systems, often labeled as hackers.
Hacker Terminology
- Hacking: Demonstrating advanced computer skills.
- Cracking: Breaking into software or systems to bypass security.
- Phreaking: Hacking into telecommunications networks.
- Spoofing: Impersonating another IP address.
- Denial of Service (DoS): Overloading a system to disrupt service.
- Port Scanning: Identifying vulnerabilities by probing network ports.
History of Hacking
- 1969: Unix system introduced.
- 1971: Discovery of the "Cap ‘n Crunch" phone exploit.
- 1988: The Morris Worm caused extensive server crashes.
- 1994: Citibank suffered a $10 million theft.
- 1995: Kevin Mitnick received a 5-year prison sentence.
- Significant events from 2000 included a widespread DDoS attack and the theft of 15,700 credit card numbers during a database maintenance period.
Types of Hackers
- Black Hats: Malicious hackers seeking personal gain.
- White Hats: Ethical hackers working to secure systems.
- Script Kiddies: Inexperienced individuals using pre-made tools for mischief.
- Disgruntled Employees: Insiders who pose significant risks to organizations.
- Ideological Hackers: Individuals motivated by political or social causes.
Methods of Gaining Access
- Front Door: Enhancing security weak points such as password theft or guessing.
- Back Doors: Left by developers for maintenance but exploited by malicious actors.
- Trojan Horses: Malicious software disguised as legitimate programs.
- Vulnerability Exploitation: Taking advantage of known software flaws, often documented by developers.
Intrusion Detection and Prevention
- Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): Tools for monitoring and analyzing security breaches.
- Host-based IDS: Monitors individual systems for anomalies.
- Network-based IDS: Examines network traffic for suspicious packets.
- Honeypots: Decoy systems used to entrap attackers and collect information.
Risk Management Strategies
- Actively identifying vulnerabilities helps in preventing attacks through measures such as patches, firewalls, and audit logs.
- Creating a comprehensive backup plan and understanding potential threats are essential to control risks.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
- Questions arise around "ethical hacking" and the legality of vulnerability scanning.
- Various U.S. laws, including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, criminalize unauthorized computer access and data breaches.
- Addressing identity theft, financial fraud, and intellectual property offenses emphasizes the serious legal repercussions of cyber crimes.
Federal Statutes Overview
- Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (1984): Criminalizes unauthorized access to federal computers.
- Electronic Communications Privacy Act (1986): Extends privacy protections to electronically stored data.
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996): Establishes standards for electronic healthcare data transmission.
- Graham-Leach-Bliley Act (1999): Restricts financial institutions' sharing of consumers' nonpublic information.
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Description
This quiz explores the distinctions between hackers, crackers, and network intruders. Understand the roles and intentions of each and their impact on cybersecurity. Perfect for anyone looking to strengthen their knowledge about digital security threats.
