Questions and Answers
What is the trade name for cyanocobalamin?
What is the generic name for Nascobal?
cyanocobalamin
What is the therapeutic classification of cyanocobalamin?
antianemic, vitamin
What is the pharmacologic classification of cyanocobalamin?
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What are the indications for using cyanocobalamin?
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What is one action of cyanocobalamin in the body?
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What are some common side effects of cyanocobalamin?
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What assessments should be performed before administering cyanocobalamin?
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How should cyanocobalamin be implemented for patients with malabsorption syndrome?
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What should be emphasized during client teaching about cyanocobalamin?
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Study Notes
Cyanocobalamin Overview
- Trade name: Nascobal
- Generic name: cyanocobalamin
Classification
- Therapeutic classification: antianemic, vitamin
- Pharmacologic classification: water-soluble vitamins
Indications
- Treats vitamin B12 deficiency, especially in cases of malabsorption
- Used initially for pernicious anemia via parenteral products; oral or nasal products post-remission
- Part of the Schilling test for vitamin B12 absorption diagnosis
Mechanism of Action
- Acts as a coenzyme for fatty and carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis
- Essential for cell reproduction and formation of blood cells
- Therapeutic effect: alleviates symptoms of pernicious anemia and corrects vitamin B12 deficiency
Side Effects
- Cardiovascular: heart failure
- Gastrointestinal: diarrhea
- Dermatological: itching, body swelling
- Electrolytes: hypokalemia
- Hematological: thrombocytosis
- Respiratory: pulmonary edema
- Possible local reactions: pain at injection site
- Miscellaneous: hypersensitivity, including anaphylaxis
Assessment and Monitoring
- Assess for signs of vitamin B12 deficiency (e.g., pallor, neuropathy, psychosis, inflamed tongue)
- Lab tests: monitor levels of plasma folic acid, vitamin B12, iron, hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte count before and during therapy
- Serum potassium levels should be evaluated in patients with pernicious anemia, especially in the first 48 hours of treatment
- Regularly monitor potassium levels and platelet counts during treatment
Administration Guidelines
- Often given with other vitamins; isolated vitamin B12 deficiencies are rare
- Oral administration is suitable primarily for nutritional deficiencies
- Parenteral administration needed for malabsorption syndromes or after gastrointestinal resections
- Protect vials from light; preferred routes include IM or subcutaneously
- If subcutaneously administered, deep subcutaneous injection is advised
- Administer orally with meals for better absorption; may combine with fruit juices, but should be taken immediately after mixing
- IV administration is not recommended; intranasal doses avoided within 1 hour of hot foods or liquids
Client Education
- Emphasize adherence to dietary recommendations for optimal vitamin intake
- Highlight best vitamin B12 sources: meats, seafood, egg yolk, fermented cheeses; minimal nutrient loss during regular cooking
- Caution against excessive vitamin supplement intake; megadoses lack proven medical benefits and can cause side effects
- Educate patients with pernicious anemia about lifelong B12 replacement needs
- Stress the importance of follow-up exams to monitor health progress
- Train patients on intranasal administration, including proper device priming and dosing technique
- Store the unit at room temperature and protect from light.
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Description
This quiz features flashcards focused on cyanocobalamin, also known as Vitamin B12. It includes key information such as trade and generic names, therapeutic classifications, and indications for use. Perfect for medical students or anyone looking to enhance their knowledge of this essential vitamin.
