Research Week 3.1

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What is another name for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the United States?

Progressive muscular paralysis syndrome
Motor neuron disease
Lou Gehrig's disease (correct)
Spastic paralysis syndrome

What role does CRISPR play in ALS research?

It has no role in ALS research
It is involved in protein misfolding in neural cells
It is highlighted in ALS research (correct)
It is used for serial VFTs in treating ALS patients

What evidence supports the conclusion about military service members and the development of ALS?

Existing evidence supports no association with military service
The Institute of Medicine found suggestive evidence of an association (correct)
There is no evidence to support this conclusion
The Veterans Administration denies any association with military service

What is another term for ALS in Europe?

Motor neuron disease (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of ALS?

Progressive muscular paralysis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of serial VFTs in treating patients with ALS?

They are used in monitoring the progression of the disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Veterans Administration provide for patients who develop ALS?

Complete support (D) Signup and view all the answers

What did the Institute of Medicine find in 2009 regarding military service and ALS?

"Military service increases the risk of developing ALS" (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a level A recommendation for a treatment in ALS?

It is a very strong recommendation and should be implemented (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to insert a PEG tube into individuals with ALS?

To deliver food materials into the gastrointestinal tract (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of transdisciplinary clinical management for individuals with ALS?

It is crucial for optimizing health care and prolonging survival (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is non-invasive ventilation important for individuals with ALS?

To treat acute and chronic ventilatory insufficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is mechanical inexaflation recommended for individuals with ALS?

To remove secretions from the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transdisciplinary clinical teams from multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams?

Transdisciplinary teams have a more significant impact on patient morbidity and mortality (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are the incentive spirometer and peak cough flow meter important for monitoring individuals with ALS?

To measure lung capacity and airflow during coughing (D) Signup and view all the answers

How often should serial pulmonary function testing be done for individuals with ALS?

About once every three months (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome for most patients diagnosed with ALS?

Death within an average of three years (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is ventilation a major concern for respiratory therapists in ALS cases?

It is frequently impacted and can lead to ventilatory failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant treatment approach for individuals with ALS?

Treating the symptoms, pain, and stress (A) Signup and view all the answers

What might be a potential cause of the accumulation of misfolded proteins inside neurons in ALS?

Mutations in gene sequences causing protein misfolding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential role of CRISPR-Cas9 in addressing ALS?

It can replace faulty genetic sequences with correct ones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the proteasome in neural cells?

To break down proteins into their constituent amino acids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor leading to ventilatory failure in ALS patients?

Frequent impairment of ventilation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the commonality between ALS, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases?

Accumulation of misfolded proteins leading to neurodegeneration (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to test ALS patients in both sitting and supine positions?

To evaluate any decline in diaphragmatic function when reclining (D) Signup and view all the answers

What intervention can slow the decline in forced vital capacity for ALS patients?

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for ALS patients to come to the hospital every three months for testing?

To monitor changes in pulmonary function (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why are rural veterans with ALS at risk of greater mortality?

They are often underdiagnosed and undertreated (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using volumetric capnography over N-tidal CO2 monitoring?

Enables physiologic monitoring beyond just CO2 levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does volumetric capnography provide continuous feedback about lung and heart conditions?

By monitoring dead space ventilation continuously (B) Signup and view all the answers

What physiologic functions are involved in the removal of carbon dioxide from the body?

Circulation, alveolar diffusion, and ventilation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What can volumetric capnography help infer based on changes in carbon dioxide elimination from the body?

Circulatory or ventilatory changes in a negative direction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does volumetric capnography monitor in addition to N-tidal CO2?

Tidal volume and flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the rebreathing valve in the NM3 device do?

Redirects gas from the patient into the corrugated circuit (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can be estimated by integrating carbon dioxide and flow using the capnostat and differential pneumatic?

Cardiopulmonary variables (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the NM3 device's CO2 flow sensor?

To sense carbon dioxide levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Trilogy mechanical ventilator?

To provide mechanical ventilation for ALS patients (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the capnostat sensor in the NM3 device sense?

Carbon dioxide levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the integration of flow with N-tidal CO2 allow measurement of?

Cardiac output (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is measured by the differential pneumatic in the NM3 device?

Airway resistance (B) Signup and view all the answers

ALS alternate name (US)

Lou Gehrig's disease

ALS main characteristic

Progressive muscular paralysis