Cuvier and Elephant vs. Mammoth Anatomy

<p>By suggesting that geological events could cause species to disappear, contradicting the idea of a world populated by unchanging forms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It would have supported a gradual evolutionary link between the two, potentially suggesting they were the same species at different stages of development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative anatomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By quantifying the genetic distance between species, confirming or refining species classifications based on anatomical differences alone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It would allow scientists to perform DNA sequencing and proteomic analysis, providing insights into the physiology, genetics, and evolutionary relationships of mammoths that cannot be obtained from bones alone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By establishing paleontology as a distinct scientific discipline focused on studying fossils to understand the history of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossils provided the foundational evidence from which theories about Earth's formation were derived, marking a shift towards empirical observation in geological sciences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A transition from deductive reasoning based on philosophical principles to inductive reasoning grounded in empirical evidence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By asserting that Cuvier's reliance on fossils led to an underestimation of the role of gradual, ongoing processes in geological change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assumption that geological understanding should be based primarily on contemporary processes rather than historical evidence from the fossil record. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By implying that deciphering Earth's history through fossils necessitates an acknowledgement of immense time scales. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By providing evidence for the transmutation of species over time, contradicting the idea of fixed and unchanging essences. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By demonstrating how Cuvier integrated fossil evidence with comparative anatomy to reconstruct extinct organisms and understand their relationships, establishing a new scientific field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It laid the groundwork for understanding the vastness of geological time and the dynamic nature of life on Earth, though Cuvier himself did not advocate for evolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The correlation of parts, where an organ's structure reflects its function and the functions of other organs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They revealed the deeper the rock stratum, the older the fossils, indicating Earth was much older than previously accepted. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He demonstrated the reality of extinction and pioneered vertebrate paleontology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exemplified his ability to infer complex biological structures from limited fossil evidence, revealing a previously unknown type of animal (a flying reptile). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It posited sudden, violent events that wiped out entire groups of organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detailed anatomical comparisons revealed significant differences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Each layer represented a distinct catastrophic event that caused localized extinctions and subsequent repopulation by different species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He publicly opposed evolution and used his scientific work to argue against it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presented a dynamic view of Earth's history, revealing extinction and the vastness of geological time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A fossilized skull with sharp, blade-like teeth is discovered alongside fossilized bones indicating strong leg muscles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His integration of comparative anatomy with paleontology provided a methodological framework that continues to inform our understanding of the history of life and Earth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The role provided unparalleled access to vast collections of animal specimens, enabling comparative anatomical studies crucial for identifying extinct species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fossils were thought to represent variations within existing species, altered by environmental factors; Cuvier demonstrated that they belonged to species no longer living. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His education emphasized a rigorous, comparative approach to understanding biological structures, which became the cornerstone of his anatomical research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His analysis of invertebrate anatomy informed his hierarchical system for classifying organisms, based on fundamental body plans and functional integration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He integrated empirical observations of fossils and geological formations, providing a scientific basis for understanding the planet's dynamic past. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promoted the idea that the Earth's geological features were primarily shaped by sudden, catastrophic events rather than gradual processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provided visual validation of extinction, revolutionizing the understanding of Earth's dynamic biological history for scientists and sparking broad public fascination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provided the means to reconstruct entire organisms from fragmentary fossil remains, which aided in determining their relationships to existing species or establishing their extinction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offered conclusive proof that mammoths, as a species, no longer existed, disproving that all species on Earth still exist and can be found somewhere. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A French zoologist who founded paleontology.

A scientific discipline studying similarities and differences in animal structures.

Cuvier's conclusion that some species no longer exist.

Cuvier claimed the Earth is much older than previously thought based on fossils.

Cuvier's system for classifying organisms published in 1817.

Cuvier's theory that natural disasters shaped Earth's geology.

Where Cuvier studied specimens starting in 1795.

Cuvier's breakthrough finding that fossils don't belong to living species.

Cuvier presented to crowds using reconstructed skeletons of extinct animals.

Cuvier initially studied these animals before focusing on vertebrates.

The complete disappearance of a species from Earth.

Cuvier's theory that organ structure reflects its function.

The process of recreating an animal's appearance from fossil remains.

Cuvier's theory explaining extinction through sudden, catastrophic events.

The scientific study of prehistoric life through fossils.

The examination of fossilized remains to understand past life.

Layers of rock that provide insights into geological and fossil records.

Herbivorous animals with hooves, linked to Cuvier's findings.

A period of significant advancements in scientific thought, including Cuvier's contributions.

A scientist who studied extinct animals, including mammoths.

Large mammals known for their tusks and trunk, still existing today.

Extinct relatives of elephants, known for their fur and lived in cold climates.

The arrangement and type of teeth in an animal, important for diet and species identification.

Groups of organisms that are different enough to not interbreed, often identified by unique traits.

The bones left behind after the soft tissues have decayed, used for studying past life.

Physical remains or traces of ancient organisms providing proof of existence and history.

Remains or impressions of ancient organisms preserved in rock.

A scientific explanation for how the Earth was formed.

The importance of fossils in understanding Earth's history.

The period when the theory of Earth's layers and evolution emerged.

Using evidence, like fossils, to develop theories.

The relationship between studying Earth's materials and ancient life.