Customs of the Tagalogs - Module 2

Background of the Author: Juan de Plasencia

• Born in Plasencia, Extremadura, Spain, to the Portocarreros family in the early 16th century.
• Grew up during the Siglo de Oro, a period characterized by a flourishing of arts and literature in Spain.

Arrival in the Philippines

• Arrived in the Philippines on July 2, 1578, as part of the first group of Franciscan missionaries.
• Landed at a port in Cavite.

Various Assignments in the Philippines

• Began missionary work shortly after arrival, collaborating with Fray Diego de Oropesa.
• Focused on converting local populations around Laguna de Bay and Tayabas (now Quezon Province).
• Instrumental in founding numerous towns, including Tayabas, Caliraya, Lucban, and others in Bulacan and Rizal provinces.
• Recognized for a life dedicated to service, advocating for the rights of the indigenous population.

Social Structure and Property

• The barangay’s land areas were divided collectively, particularly irrigated sections.
• No cultivation by outsiders unless inherited or purchased land.
• Fishing privileges regulated by local chiefs, requiring payments for outsiders.

Adoration and Religious Practices

• Filipinos performed worship in the chief's large house, celebrating festivals that lasted several days.
• Key deities included Badhala, the "maker of all things," alongside various natural elements like the sun and moon.
• Notable idols included Dian Masalanta (patron of lovers) and idols representing agricultural patrons.

Priests of the Devil

• Defined roles for shamans with negative connotations, such as Catolonan and Mangagauay, involved in rituals and healing deceptions.
• Many were believed to possess supernatural abilities, including flying or casting charms.

Beliefs in Omens and Superstitions

• Filipinos believed in omens arising from daily experiences, shaping their decisions and fears regarding the future.
• Specific birds and other natural signs would evoke varying responses among the population.

Burial Customs

• The dead were mourned beside their homes for four days before being placed in a boat acting as a coffin.
• Celebratory eating and drinking followed mourning rituals, indicating a blending of grief and cultural tradition.

Significance to Philippine History

• Illustrates pre-colonial Philippine civilization as advanced with religious practices and social hierarchies before Spanish influence.
• Highlights the Philippines' cultural identity and social structures, demonstrating resilience and the ability to stand independently.
• The document’s relevance persists today, reflecting aspects of modern Filipino social organization and cultural practices.

Contemporary Relevance

• Some ancient norms remain influential, particularly the use of "barangay" in modern urban governance.
• Historical trade practices show early Filipino independence and interactions with other nations before colonialism.

Explore the customs and traditions of the Tagalogs through the insights of Juan de Plasencia, a significant figure in Philippine history. This quiz delves into his life, contributions, and literary works, providing a comprehensive understanding of his impact on Filipino culture.