Customs of the Tagalogs and Kartilla ng Katipunan

These terms referred to the seasons, with 'sun-time' representing summer and 'water-time' representing winter, especially in regions without snow or ice.

The people would hold a feast and offer their food directly to the devil as a sacrifice, usually in front of an idol.

They worshiped the devil through an idol, anointing it with perfumes and offering it praise and prayers.

The officiating priest or priestess in their rituals, responsible for leading the songs and ceremonies.

The devil could sometimes enter the body of the catolonan, causing them to exhibit extreme arrogance, flames in their eyes, and hair standing on end.

The most common sacrificial offerings were goats, fowls, and swine, which were slaughtered and presented before the idol.

When girls had their first menstrual cycle, they were blindfolded for four days and nights, after which a catolonan bathed them and removed the blindfold.

The deceased were buried beside their houses, while chiefs were buried under special structures built for their remains.

A Spanish friar who wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in the 16th century, providing valuable insights into pre-colonial Filipino culture and society.

A document written by Juan de Plasencia that describes the social structures, beliefs, practices, and daily life of the Tagalog people in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.

The way of life, traditions, beliefs, and social structures of the Filipino people before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century.

The organization of Tagalog society, including their family units, leadership roles, and social hierarchies.

The spiritual practices, myths, and religious beliefs held by the Tagalog people before Spanish colonization.

The everyday activities, routines, and practices of the Tagalog people before the arrival of the Spanish.

The time when Spain ruled the Philippines, beginning in the 16th century and lasting until the early 20th century.

The lasting impact of Spanish rule on Filipino society, culture, language, and religion.

A code of conduct and principles written by Emilio Jacinto for the Katipunan, a revolutionary society that aimed to overthrow Spanish rule in the Philippines.

A Filipino revolutionary leader and writer who was the brains behind the Katipunan's ideology and principles.

A secret revolutionary society founded in 1892 that aimed to overthrow Spanish rule in the Philippines.

A policy implemented by President McKinley that stated the US would govern the Philippines, aiming to 'civilize' and 'Christianize' Filipinos.

The first open act of rebellion against Spanish rule in the Philippines, marking the start of the Philippine Revolution. It is said to have happened in Balintawak, a town in Manila.

A rebellion by Filipino soldiers against Spanish authorities in Cavite, which was brutally suppressed by the Spanish. This was a spark that ignited the revolution.

The diverse groups of people who lived in the Philippines before the arrival of the Spanish, each with their own unique cultures and traditions.

The history of the Philippines, specifically focusing on events and people from the local level, highlighting unique stories and perspectives.

Original materials from the past that provide direct evidence of events, people, or ideas. These sources can be written, visual, oral, or digital.

Materials that interpret, analyze, or synthesize information from primary sources. They offer perspectives and insights based on the information found in primary sources.

This approach to Philippine history focuses on using original materials like letters, diaries, photographs, and oral histories to understand the past directly from the perspectives of those who lived it.

Examining primary sources to understand their context, content, and potential biases. This involves considering the author's perspective, intended audience, and historical circumstances.

Identifying both the explicit and implicit messages within a primary source. This involves looking at the stated information and also the unspoken meanings and implications.

Using primary sources to gain insights into the historical experiences, beliefs, and perspectives of people from the past. This allows for a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of history.

Primary sources can be categorized as written (letters, diaries), oral (interviews, oral histories), visual (photographs, paintings), audio-visual (films, recordings), and digital (online documents, social media).

To enable students to understand and appreciate the richness and complexity of Philippine history by examining first-hand accounts of historical events and perspectives.

The course aims to equip students with an understanding and critical appreciation of key events and figures in Philippine history. It encourages historical analysis and understanding of the nuances of the past to shape a better future.

Historical sources provide primary evidence for understanding events and understanding the past. They are like pieces of a puzzle that help us reconstruct what happened in the past.

Pigafetta, a chronicler of Magellan's expedition, documented the voyage's encounters with the Philippines, describing the people, customs, and geography, offering valuable insights into the pre-colonial period.

Plasencia, a Spanish friar, documented the social and religious customs of the Tagalog people, including their beliefs, rituals, and social organization, offering valuable information on pre-colonial society.

This document, written by Emilio Jacinto, served as a code of conduct and a moral guide for members of the Katipunan, emphasizing good morals, love for country, and active resistance against Spanish rule.

This historic declaration proclaimed the Philippines' independence from Spanish colonial rule, marking a significant landmark in the nation's struggle for self-determination.

Aquino's speech before the U.S. Congress highlighted the Philippines' struggle against authoritarianism and called for international support for democracy and human rights, inspiring a global movement towards freedom

The account of Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe, written by Antonio Pigafetta, a member of the expedition.

An Italian explorer and chronicler who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan on his circumnavigation of the world and documented the expedition's experiences.

Ferdinand Magellan's voyage around the world, a historic event that challenged the existing geographical understanding of the time.

Pigafetta's account provides valuable insights into the cultural and historical context of the expedition, offering a firsthand perspective on the encounters with diverse people and places.

The act of sailing completely around the globe, a feat that was achieved by Magellan's expedition.

Magellan's expedition had a profound impact on the world, expanding European knowledge of geography, challenging existing perceptions, and contributing to the development of global trade.

Magellan's expedition encountered diverse cultures, including indigenous people inhabiting the lands they traversed.

Magellan's expedition holds historical significance for its contributions to global exploration, the development of cartography, and the establishment of trade routes.