Custom Software vs Packaged Software

<p>Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>iOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnostic routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source program file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restart a computer that is already on</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To perform a particular task</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directs other programs not in memory to perform tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A method of removing repetitive elements from a data file</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To place a print job into a buffer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stand-alone operating system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mac OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handling more than one program concurrently</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Custom software</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make users more productive at particular tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freeware is distributed for free, while shareware requires payment after a trial period</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store data such as words, numbers, pictures, and sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Device drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support, enhance, or expand existing programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manage the entire computer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turn the computer ON, run diagnostic routines, load BIOS programs, obtain the OS</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System Software = Power behind the power Operating System = Controls peripheral devices Application Software = Where to get it, how to use it Utility Programs = Helps the computer control peripheral devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Word Processing Software = Creating and editing text documents Spreadsheet Programs = Organizing and calculating numerical data Database Software = Managing and manipulating structured data Specialty Application Software = Tailor-made for a particular function or business purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data Files = Used for storing data Program Files = Contains high-level computer instructions Executable File = Initiates a set of coded instructions System Files = Essential for the operating system to function properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mac OS X = Based on Unix and has proprietary use Microsoft Windows = The most common OS for desktop and portable PCs Unix = A multitasking OS with built-in networking capability Linux = A free version of Unix with continual improvements from volunteer programmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mac OS 10.8 = Mountain Lion Mac OS 10.15 = Catalina</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Windows 7 = Still the most commonly used OS Windows 8 = Has both desktop and tile views Windows 10 = Latest version of Windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Apple iOS = Runs mobile devices Windows Server = Designed to run on network servers Embedded Linux = Used in mobile devices Google's Chrome OS = Based on Linux</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source program files = Contain high-level computer instructions in the original form written by the computer programmer Executable files = Translated from a source program file and contains instructions that tell the computer how to perform a particular task Data compression = A method of removing repetitive elements from a data file so that it requires less storage space and therefore less time to transmit Lossless compression = Uses mathematical techniques to restore repeated patterns in data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source program files = Written by the computer programmer in high-level computer instructions Executable files = Runs a particular task on a computer Data files = Files that are compressed to require less storage space and time to transmit .dll files = Executable files used in software applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data compression = Method of reducing the size of a data file Lossless compression = Compression method that allows original data to be perfectly reconstructed from compressed data Executable files = Files that contain instructions for the computer to perform a task Source program files = Files that contain original high-level computer instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Task = An operation such as storing, printing, or calculating Multitasking = Handling more than one program concurrently Device Drivers = Specialized software programs that allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system Utilities = Service programs that perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stand-alone = An operating system that works on a single desktop or notebook computer Network = An operating system that connects and manages multiple computers Embedded = An operating system that is permanently stored in a hardware device such as a read-only memory (ROM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mac OS = Runs on Apple Macintosh computers Microsoft Windows = Runs on PC platforms Unix/Linux = A free operating system improved by volunteer programmers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security Management = Permits users to control access to their computers Device Drivers = Allow input and output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system Utility Programs = Perform tasks related to the control and allocation of computer resources Operating System = Directs processor to alternate time on each program until processing is complete</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagnostic routine = A routine within a program that is entered as a result of some error condition Cold boot = Turn on computer’s 'ON' system Supervisor (kernel) = Software that manages CPU Virtual memory = A memory management capability of an OS that uses hardware and software to compensate for physical memory shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Queue = First-in, first-out (FIFO) sequence of data or programs that waits in line for its turn to be processed Buffer = The place where the data or programs sit while they are waiting Spooling = The act of placing a print job into a buffer Memory Management = The process of controlling and coordinating computer memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data File = A named collection of data Program File = A program that exists in a computer’s secondary storage File System = Arranges files in a hierarchical manner Pathname = Used to find files. Example: C:/MyDocuments/Termpaper/section1.doc</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold boot = Turn on computer’s 'ON' system Warm boot = Restart a computer that is already on Boot disk = Use a CD or flash drive containing all files to launch OS Boot from the cloud = Launching the OS from a remote server via internet</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Custom Software = Tailor-made software crafted for a particular function or business purpose Packaged software = Copyrighted, mass-produced software that’s offered for sale to a variety of users Public-domain software = Software that is not protected by copyright and may be duplicated by anyone at will Rentalware = Online software that users lease for a fee and download whenever they want it</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Site licenses = Allow software to be used on all computers at a specific location Concurrent-user licenses = Allow a number of copies to be used at one time Multiple-user license = Specifies number of people who may use the software Single-user license = Limits software to one user at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pirated software = Software obtained illegally in violation of copyright Abandonware = Software that is no longer being sold or supported by its publisher Productivity software = Software intended to make users more productive at particular tasks Web application (web app) = Software that runs on a remote Internet server rather than on a person’s own personal computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data files = Contain data, such as words, number, pictures, and sounds Program files = Contain software instructions that execute, or run, when the program is opened</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Operating systems = The principal component of system software in any computing system. Device drivers = Help the computer control peripheral devices. Utility programs = Generally used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a computer system. Application software = Software that has been developed to solve a particular problem for users—to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Booting = The process of loading an OS into the computer’s main memory. CPU management = A part of OS responsibilities, managing the CPU's operations. File management = Another responsibility of OS, managing and organizing files in the computer system. Task management = A function of OS that manages the tasks performed by the computer system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turn the computer ON = The first step in the booting process. Diagnostic routines = Test Main Memory, CPU, and other Hardware. BIOS programs = Are copied to main memory. BIOS contains instructions for operating the hardware. Boot program = Obtains the OS and loads it into the computer’s main memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System software = Runs at the most basic level of your computer. It enables the application software to interact with the computer. Operating system = Manages the entire computer system. It consists of the low-level, master system of programs that manage the basic operations of the computer. Application software = Software that has been developed to solve a particular problem for users—to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment. Utility programs = Generally used to support, enhance, or expand existing programs in a computer system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System Unit = The case that contains the computer’s electronic components used to process data Binary System = The basic data-representation method for computers uses just two numbers: 0 and 1 Bit = Each 0 or 1 in a binary system Machine Language = A binary-type programming language built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Byte = A group of 8 bits ASCII = Binary coding scheme that requires 7 or 8 bits per character EBCDIC = Binary coding scheme used for IBM mainframes Unicode = Binary coding scheme that requires 16 bits per character</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilobyte (KB) = 1,000 (1,024) bytes Gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion (1,073,741,824) bytes Terabyte (TB) = 1 trillion (1,009,511,627,776) bytes Exabyte (EB) = 1 quintillion bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCs = Tower or desktop; monitor is separate Laptops = Monitor is attached to the system unit, like a clamshell Tablets = Usually includes a touch-screen interface Smartphones = Handheld system units</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Petabyte (PB) = 1 quadrillion bytes Language Translators = The computer’s system software that converts higher-level language instructions into machine language Megabyte (MB) = 1 million (1,048,576) bytes 8-bit Extended ASCII = Provides 256 characters and is commonly used for microcomputers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data = Is represented in a computer by binary code Machine Language = Each CPU type has its own version; thus each computer’s machine language is brand dependent Binary coding schemes = Assign a unique binary code to each character Unicode = Handles 65,536 characters—used for Chinese and Japanese</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility = 4.1 The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle = 4.4 Secondary Storage = 4.7 Future Developments in Processing &amp; Storage = 4.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power Supply, Motherboard, &amp; Microprocessors = Inside the System Unit Expansion Cards, Bus Lines, &amp; Ports = Inside the System Unit Microprocessors, Main Memory = Processing: The System Unit Secondary Storage = Secondary Storage Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility = Development and changes in electronic circuitry The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle = Functioning of the CPU Secondary Storage = Different types of memory storage Future Developments in Processing &amp; Storage = Predictions about the changes in hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.1 = Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility 4.4 = The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle 4.7 = Secondary Storage 4.8 = Future Developments in Processing &amp; Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processing: The System Unit = Microprocessors, Main Memory Inside the System Unit = Expansion Cards, Bus Lines, &amp; Ports Secondary Storage Unit = Secondary Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development and changes in electronic circuitry = Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility Functioning of the CPU = The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle Different types of memory storage = Secondary Storage Predictions about the changes in hardware = Future Developments in Processing &amp; Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power Supply = Provides the necessary power for the computer Motherboard = The main circuit board of the computer Hard Drive = Stores all the data and information RAM slots = Allows for the installation of random access memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intel and AMD = Traditional microcomputer microprocessors Multicore processors = Have more than one processor 'core' on a single silicon chip Special processors = Made for portable devices Graphics processing unit (GPU) = A specialized processor used to manipulate three-dimensional (3-D) computer graphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System clock = Controls how fast all the operations within a computer take place Megahertz = Older CPU processing speeds, 1 MHz = 1 million cycles per second Gigahertz = Current CPU processing speeds, 1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second Heat generation = The faster a CPU runs, the more heat it generates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control Unit = Part of the CPU that follows the instructions of the software Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) = Part of the CPU that manipulates data into information Registers = High-speed storage areas within the CPU Bus = An electronic 'roadway' that links the parts of the CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System Unit = The main body of a computer, containing the motherboard, power supply, and other components Microprocessors = The 'brain' of the computer, carrying out instructions Expansion cards = Circuit boards that provide additional functionality CD drive = Hardware component that reads and writes data from and to a CD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Power supply = Provides the necessary power for the computer Hard drive = Stores all the data and information Expansion cards = Circuit boards that provide additional functionality RAM slots = Allows for the installation of random access memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Deciphers each instruction stored in the CPU and carries out the instruction Arithmetic/logic unit = Performs arithmetic and logical operations Machine cycle = The series of steps the CPU takes to execute an instruction Main memory = Stores the electronic signals directed by the control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arithmetic operations = Fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Logical operations = Comparisons--the ALU compares two pieces of data Control unit = Directs the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit Machine cycle = The complete series of steps taken by the CPU to execute an instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Directs the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the input and output devices Arithmetic/logic unit = Controls the speed of arithmetic and logical operations Machine cycle = Four basic operations carried out by the control unit for every instruction Main memory = Stores the electronic signals directed by the control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arithmetic operations = Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Logical operations = Comparisons such as equal to, greater than, less than, etc. Control unit = Deciphers each instruction stored in the CPU and then carries out the instruction Machine cycle = Series of steps the CPU takes each time it executes an instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Interprets and executes instructions from the CPU's memory Arithmetic/logic unit = Performs basic arithmetic and logical operations Machine cycle = The process of fetching, decoding, executing, and storing instructions Main memory = Holds the instructions and data that are currently being processed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arithmetic operations = Basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Logical operations = Comparisons--the ALU compares two pieces of data Control unit = Deciphers each instruction stored in the CPU and then carries out the instruction Machine cycle = The complete series of steps taken by the CPU to execute an instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuum tubes = Used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons Transistors = Tiny electronic switches that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Semiconductor = A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity Microchips = Miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistors = Replaced vacuum tubes and form part of an integrated circuit Integrated circuits = All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip Silicon = A semiconductor made of clay and sand, perfect underlayer for highly conductive, complex circuits Microprocessors = Contains the central processing unit (CPU), which processes data into information</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistor = A tiny electronic switch that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Microchip = A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits Semiconductor = A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity Microprocessor = The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuum tubes = They used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons Integrated circuits = Solid state (no moving parts) and include all the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip Silicon = A semiconductor made of clay and sand Microprocessors = Enable the development of small, mobile electronic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistor = Tiny electronic device that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Microchip = Made from semiconductors and contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits Microprocessor = Contains the CPU, which processes data into information Integrated circuit = All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistor = A tiny electronic switch Microchip = A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits Semiconductor = A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity Microprocessor = The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip</p> Signup and view all the answers