Curriculum Definitions and Types

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary aim of problem-centered designs in curriculum development?

To focus on individual and social problem-solving (correct)

To integrate technology into every lesson

To teach basic foundational knowledge only

To standardize educational materials across disciplines

Which approach involves the integration of themes to support holistic education?

Horizontal Organization

Thematic Design (correct)

Vertical Organization

Problem Design

What does vertical organization in curriculum design emphasize?

Immediate application of learned skills

Spiral progression of curriculum content (correct)

Integration of community resources

Focus on testing and evaluation methods

What is the goal of horizontal organization in curriculum design?

To connect different subjects at one point in time (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of curriculum development, what is a key consideration for problem design?

To engage students with real-life issues (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Tested Curriculum primarily assess?

Student attainment of curriculum objectives (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum represents what society believes learners should know?

Entitlement Curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the Null or Censored Curriculum?

Excludes certain topics from being taught (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which curriculum encompasses both formal and informal learning experiences?

Hidden Curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Supported Curriculum reflect?

Resources allocated for curriculum delivery (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which definition of curriculum emphasizes the specific competencies and standards students should achieve?

Curriculum as Intended Learning Outcomes (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which curriculum aspect concerns inputs that are often invisible in the formal teaching process?

Hidden Curriculum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum includes students' extracurricular activities and their overall learning experiences?

Curricular and Co-Curricular Curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of curriculum refers to the actual implementation of the curriculum or what teachers in the school teach?

Implemented Curriculum (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following areas is NOT one of the five important areas presented by Print regarding psychology in education?

Social Context (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the Intended or Official Curriculum describe?

The official curriculum prescribed by government or state (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum represents the most appropriate curriculum for learners as recommended by professional organizations?

Recommended Curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Sowell, the selection of curriculum content is important for what reason?

It provides a clear understanding of the context (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes curriculum as a discipline?

It encompasses its own principles, theories, and practices (B) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is NOT typically considered when studying the characteristics of students within curriculum development?

Social media usage (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of curriculum includes specific guidelines for evaluating student performance?

Recommended Curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are essential considerations for course planning in schools?

Students' various needs, abilities, and socio-economic backgrounds (D) Signup and view all the answers

How should curriculum frameworks guide curriculum planning?

By detailing what should be taught and how to teach it (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CHED guidelines in higher education?

To set prerequisites for course titles, credits, and descriptions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What must be reflected in lesson plans and course syllabi?

The school's vision, mission, and core values (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for college curriculum planning to consider students' academic backgrounds?

It impacts their academic skills and learning habits (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of vocational course content prescribed by TESDA?

Specifies materials and time required for training (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the hidden curriculum often reflect?

What the institution can contribute to society and individual development (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can similarities in subject matter be utilized in curriculum planning?

To integrate subjects that share content and skills (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is Hilda Taba's Grassroots Rational Model characterized by?

Sequential and logical approach with greater information input (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the importance of starting with goals and objectives in curriculum design?

Wiggins and McTighe’s Understanding by Design Model (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of Robert Diamond’s Systematic Design Model is curriculum production and implementation designed?

Second Phase: Production and Implementation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of linear models of curriculum development?

They follow a stepwise process from objectives to evaluation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does Murray Print’s Model for Curriculum Development contribute to that is valuable?

Situational analysis for understanding curriculum context (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which curriculum model is considered prescriptive and rational in its approach?

Robert Diamond’s Systematic Design Model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the cyclical models of curriculum development?

Interdependent elements with a repetitive process (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary drawback of the prescriptive model as highlighted in the content?

Difficulty in adjusting to new information post-development (C) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of curriculum sources, which of the following is NOT included?

Technological advancements (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which curriculum development model incorporates a team approach heavily relying on data?

Robert Diamond’s Systematic Design Model (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key phases in Wiggins and McTighe’s Understanding by Design Model?

Planning learning experiences based on assessment evidence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the rational linear model typically lack in its development process?

Feedback for continual improvement (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized in the increasing abstraction step of curriculum development?

Sequence of content based on concepts relevant to students (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following models recognizes the roles of both students and teachers in curriculum development?

Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls Model (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of situational analysis in curriculum development models?

To gather data and understand the context of curriculum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Curriculum

Curriculum can be defined as a list of subjects, a set of learning experiences, or a collection of intended learning outcomes.
Curriculum can also be viewed as planned learning experiences or a discipline with its own principles, theories, and practices.
In terms of content, curriculum can be seen as a series of topics within a subject area.

Types of Curriculum

Idea or Recommended Curriculum: Curriculum standards suggested by professional organizations, like those for sociology and anthropology.
Intended, Official, or Written Curriculum: The official curriculum prescribed by the government or state, such as the K-12 Curriculum or CHED Curriculum for General Education.
Implemented Curriculum: What teachers in schools actually teach, potentially diverging from the intended curriculum.
Tested Curriculum: Assessed through teacher-made tests, curriculum-referenced tests, and standardized tests.
Entitlement Curriculum: What society believes students should learn in order to become good members of society.
Supported Curriculum: Influenced by available resources allocated for supporting or delivering the official curriculum.
Null or Censored Curriculum: Topics or content that are purposefully not taught to students.
Hidden Curriculum: Skills, knowledge, and attitudes students learn while interacting with others in school.

Curriculum Foundations

Psychology: Provides important information for curriculum development:
- Educational objectives
- Student characteristics
- Learning processes
- Teaching methods
- Evaluation procedures
Sociology and Anthropology: These disciplines highlight the importance of understanding contexts in which curriculum is developed, such as:
- Social and educational issues impacting implementation
- Learners' diverse needs, abilities, preferences, and socioeconomic backgrounds
- Students' academic backgrounds, especially for college students

Curriculum Development Models

Ralph Tyler's Rational Linear Model:
- Logical and systematic.
- Sequential pattern: Objectives - Content - Learning Experiences - Evaluation.
- Emphasizes defining educational purposes, experiences to achieve those purposes, the organization of learning experiences, and evaluating the attainment of objectives.
- Emphasizes curriculum sources like society, students, and subject matter.
- Emphasizes objectives based on philosophy and psychology of education.
Hilda Taba's Grassroots Rational Model:
- Similar to Tyler's model, but with more information input in each phase of curriculum development.
- Steps:
  - Diagnosis of needs
  - Formulation of objectives
  - Selection of content
  - Organization of content
  - Selection of learning experiences
  - Organization of learning experiences
  - Determination of what to evaluate, and ways to evaluate.
Allan Glatthorn's Standards-Based Curriculum Development:
- Intended for diverse disciplines, from basic education to higher education.
- Contains three phases:
  - Develop standards
  - Develop benchmarks
  - Develop final products
- Rational and descriptive, prioritizing the development of standards.
- Emphasizes using multiple sources and valuing teacher contributions in developing standards.
- Doesn't include situational analysis or needs analysis.
- Emphasis is on developing standards.
Wiggins and McTighe's Understanding by Design (UBD) Model:
- Also known as backward design.
- Emphasizes starting with goals and objectives in curriculum design.
- Engages students in deep understanding of important ideas and explores assessment designs.
- Focuses on enduring understanding or central ideas as the primary curriculum goal.
- Three stages:
  - Stage 1: Identifying what is worth learning by examining current curriculum goals, standards, and expectations.
  - Stage 2: Designing assessment evidence to validate the achievement of desired learning outcomes.
  - Stage 3: Planning learning experiences, with teachers deciding on activities and materials.
Robert Diamond's Systematic Design Model:
- Prescriptive and rational.
- Two phases:
  - Phase 1: Project Selection and Design: Determining objectives using curriculum sources and influences, relies heavily on data, and requires a team approach.
  - Phase 2: Production, Implementation, and Evaluation for Each Unit: Designing for curriculum production and implementation, evaluation of instructional materials. Assumes the product (curriculum) is good as planned without review of decisions in Phase 1.
Murray Print's Model for Curriculum Development:
- Recognizes the roles of both students and teachers in curriculum development.
- Emphasizes situational analysis, which provides insight into the context in which curriculum is developed and gathers data from curriculum sources.
- Highlights the importance of contributing disciplines (philosophy, psychology, sociology) in selecting curriculum goals and objectives, content, learning experiences, and evaluation.
Wheeler's Curriculum Development Model:
- Cyclical.
- Elements of the curriculum are interconnected and dependent.
- Rational, where each phase is a logical development of the previous one.
Audrey Nicholls and Howard Nicholls Model for Curriculum Development:
- Cyclical.
- Elements of the curriculum are interconnected and dependent.
- Rational, where each phase is a logical development of the previous one.
Stark et al. Model:
- Focuses on situational analysis, gathering data from curriculum sources and influences, and understanding the context of development.
- Emphasizes contributing disciplines and their role in selecting curriculum goals and objectives.
- Weaknesses include:
  - Curriculum workers in the Philippines are accustomed to linear models.
  - Situational analysis is often tedious.

Key Points to Consider When Designing Curriculum

Horizontal Organization (Scope and Horizontal Integration): Focuses on arranging curriculum components at a given point in time. Establishes relationships and integration across subject areas.
Vertical Organization (Spiral Progression): Distributing curriculum content across grade levels, enabling students to build upon prerequisite knowledge and master content over time.
Whole-to-Part Learning: Deductive approach starting with the big picture and gradually moving to specific concepts and skills.
Increasing Abstraction: Arranging content based on concepts or skills relevant to students' personal experiences.

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Description

Explore the various definitions and types of curriculum in education. This quiz covers the distinction between recommended, intended, implemented, and tested curricula, along with their implications in learning experiences. Understanding these concepts is essential for educators and policymakers.