Current Disposable Income and Consumer Spending
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What led to the boom period in Ft. Myers from 2003 to 2005?

  • The availability of foreclosure tours offered by Marc Joseph.
  • The opening of new stores and shopping malls.
  • A surge in home construction driven by speculators buying houses as investments. (correct)
  • A decrease in the unemployment rate to less than 3%.

What was a consequence of the halt in home construction in Ft. Myers?

  • A rise in the unemployment rate to 14% by 2009. (correct)
  • An increase in the number of customers at stores.
  • A decrease in the unemployment rate.
  • An increase in the number of available jobs.

How did workers in Ft. Myers contribute to the economic growth during the boom period?

  • By saving money instead of spending locally.
  • By creating jobs for sales workers, waiters, and gardeners through their spending habits. (correct)
  • By investing in overseas businesses instead of local establishments.
  • By buying houses solely to live in and not for investment purposes.

What caused the prices of houses in Ft. Myers to rise to unsustainable levels during the boom?

<p>People who were buying houses solely for investment purposes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Ft. Myers experience a bust period after the boom?

<p>Due to a scarcity of jobs and closure of many stores. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one successful business venture during Ft. Myers' bust period?

<p>Foreclosure tours offered by Marc Joseph. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the business cycle, according to the text?

<p>Ups and downs in investment spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of aggregate demand?

<p>Exports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the scenario presented in the text, what happens if home builders decide to spend an extra $100 billion on home construction?

<p>Aggregate output increases by $100 billion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the direct effect of an increase in investment spending, according to the text?

<p>Increase in household disposable income (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of changes in investment spending on consumer spending?

<p>Rise in disposable income for households (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the relationship between investment and aggregate output?

<p>They are directly related (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the chain reaction described in the text is accurate?

<p>It results in multiple rounds of increases in aggregate output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is assumed about producers' willingness to supply additional output?

<p>They are willing to supply additional output at a fixed price (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT considered when making simplifying assumptions?

<p>$100 billion increase in home construction spending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given scenario, what happens as a result of an increase in household disposable income?

<p>Rise in aggregate output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an autonomous change in aggregate spending?

<p>An initial change in aggregate spending at a given level of real GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the multiplier represent in economics?

<p>The ratio of the change in real GDP to the change in aggregate spending (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the multiplier change with a higher Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC)?

<p>The multiplier increases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between disposable income and consumer spending according to the text?

<p>Consumer spending increases with disposable income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines how large each round of expansion is compared with the previous round?

<p>Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to real GDP as a result of an initial autonomous increase in aggregate spending?

<p>Real GDP rises initially and then continues to rise further (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the multiplier formula affected by the introduction of taxes and foreign trade?

<p>The formula becomes more complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MPS stand for in economics?

<p>Marginal Propensity to Save (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a boom in housing prices affect consumer spending according to the text?

<p>Consumer spending increases as consumers feel wealthier. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in investment spending affect real GDP?

<p>Real GDP increases as a chain reaction unfolds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MPC stand for in the context of consumer spending?

<p>Marginal Propensity to Consume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of consumer spending, what does MPS represent?

<p>Marginal Propensity to Save (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If MPC equals 0.6, what happens to real GDP after the second round of consumer spending increase following a $100 billion investment?

<p>$60 billion increase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mathematical expression for the total effect on real GDP after multiple rounds of consumer spending following a $100 billion increase in investment spending?

<p>$(1 + MPC + MPC^2 + MPC^3 + ...) × $100 billion$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of additional disposable income saved, affecting the subsequent rounds of consumer spending?

<p>MPS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Following a second-round increase in consumer spending, how does real GDP change if MPS equals 0.4?

<p>$36 billion increase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between MPC and MPS in terms of total disposable income?

<p>MPC = 1 - MPS (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the chain reaction triggered by a $100 billion increase in investment spending?

<p>$250 billion increase in real GDP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the total rise in real GDP limited to $250 billion even with multiple rounds of expansion?

<p>'Leakage' of saved income reduces available spending for subsequent rounds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does an infinite series of 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + ... resolve mathematically when x is between 0 and 1?

<p>1/(1-x) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an autonomous change in aggregate spending?

<p>A change in spending independent of changes in real GDP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the multiplier calculated?

<p>ΔY/ΔAAS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the size of the multiplier vary with MPC?

<p>The multiplier is higher when MPC is high. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to disposable income 'leakage' in each round of expansion with a high MPC?

<p>It decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limits the total rise in real GDP despite multiple rounds of expansion?

<p>Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is consumer spending affected by a boom in housing prices according to the text?

<p>Consumer spending rises initially and then decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the size of each round of expansion according to the text?

<p>(1 - MPS) fraction of disposable income spent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does an autonomous change in aggregate spending occur?

<p>Before real GDP rises (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limit to the rise in real GDP despite multiple rounds of expansion?

<p>The amount saved due to disposable income leakage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences how much 'leaks out' into savings during each round of expansion?

<p>The marginal propensity to save (MPS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor affecting a family's consumer spending?

<p>The household's current disposable income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collect data on regarding family income and spending?

<p>Before-tax income and after-tax income for each group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the scatter diagram in Figure 16.1 illustrate?

<p>The relationship between household current disposable income and consumer spending (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MPC represent in the context of an individual household's consumption function?

<p>The change in consumer spending relative to a change in current disposable income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the consumption function equation c = a + MPC × yd, what does 'a' represent?

<p>Autonomous consumer spending - what a household would spend with no disposable income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to individual household consumer spending if yd goes up by $1 according to Equation 16-7?

<p>$1 increase in consumer spending by MPC (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is 'y' commonly used to represent income in macroeconomics?

<p>'y' is reserved for investment spending (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the simple version of a consumption function represent in terms of individual household behavior?

<p>How individual household's consumer spending changes with its current disposable income (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it assumed that the constant term 'a' in the consumption function equation is greater than zero?

<p>'a' reflects autonomous consumer spending, which assumes some consumption even with no disposable income (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Delta c over Delta yd' is equivalent to which term in the context of Equation 16-6?

<p>'MPC' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the multiplier according to the text?

<p>ΔY/ΔAAS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the multiplier relate to the marginal propensity to consume (MPC)?

<p>Higher MPC leads to a higher multiplier. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do most economists believe the Great Depression was driven by a collapse in investment spending?

<p>Because consumer spending fell drastically, impacting GDP. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did government programs and taxes during the Great Depression act as automatic stabilizers?

<p>By boosting expenditures during times of low incomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main reasons for the change in the size of the multiplier from the Great Depression to modern times?

<p>Increase in government spending and taxes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total spending on final goods and services does consumer spending normally account for?

<p>Two-thirds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines how large each round of expansion is compared with the previous round according to the text?

<p>Marginal propensity to consume (MPC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to consumer spending during the Great Depression?

<p>It fell drastically. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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