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Questions and Answers
A myeloma cell is best described as:
A myeloma cell is best described as:
What factors necessary for growth of animal cells in culture are provided by serum?
What factors necessary for growth of animal cells in culture are provided by serum?
Which one of the following is the best technique/approach to allow you to localize catalase in peroxisomes?
Which one of the following is the best technique/approach to allow you to localize catalase in peroxisomes?
All of the following are produced by animal cells in culture and help the cells adhere to the culture dish EXCEPT:
All of the following are produced by animal cells in culture and help the cells adhere to the culture dish EXCEPT:
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Characteristics of transformed cells can include all of the following EXCEPT:
Characteristics of transformed cells can include all of the following EXCEPT:
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The purpose of treating tissue from an embryonic chick with trypsin and EDTA when generating a primary cell culture is to:
The purpose of treating tissue from an embryonic chick with trypsin and EDTA when generating a primary cell culture is to:
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Primary cultures contain (this cell type) which quickly predominate over the other cell types. Given the proper space and nutrients needed to grow, these cells can divide about 50 times, such that after 50 doublings, an original culture of 100 cells would become ___ cells.
Primary cultures contain (this cell type) which quickly predominate over the other cell types. Given the proper space and nutrients needed to grow, these cells can divide about 50 times, such that after 50 doublings, an original culture of 100 cells would become ___ cells.
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In your cell biology laboratory class, you are given a sample of blood. Which of the following results are NOT possible from your analysis of this blood using flow cytometry?
In your cell biology laboratory class, you are given a sample of blood. Which of the following results are NOT possible from your analysis of this blood using flow cytometry?
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Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?
Epithelial cells have distinct surfaces. Which of these surfaces tends to be involved in secreting proteins out of the cell and into the bloodstream?
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When studying a new protein, it is useful to generate an antibody against it to tag it in experiments designed to study its function and localization. Which of the following is NOT a step needed to generate this new antibody?
When studying a new protein, it is useful to generate an antibody against it to tag it in experiments designed to study its function and localization. Which of the following is NOT a step needed to generate this new antibody?
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Why are cells cultured in the lab such a useful model system for studying human disease?
Why are cells cultured in the lab such a useful model system for studying human disease?
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Drugs used to inhibit which molecules would reduce the amount of antibody produced by hybridomas?
Drugs used to inhibit which molecules would reduce the amount of antibody produced by hybridomas?
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The phenomenon in which a chemical absorbs light at one wavelength and emits it at a specific and longer wavelength is called:
The phenomenon in which a chemical absorbs light at one wavelength and emits it at a specific and longer wavelength is called:
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Which of the following could be used to visualize subcellular structure in living cells?
Which of the following could be used to visualize subcellular structure in living cells?
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To visualize cells by immunofluorescence microscopy, the cells must be:
To visualize cells by immunofluorescence microscopy, the cells must be:
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The fluorescent properties of dyes such as SNARF-1 can provide information on the:
The fluorescent properties of dyes such as SNARF-1 can provide information on the:
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Which of the following allows one to circumvent the theoretical resolution of the microscope?
Which of the following allows one to circumvent the theoretical resolution of the microscope?
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A small tumor is excised from a patient's body. The pathologist wants to examine the number, size, and arrangement of cells within the tumor. The best technique to use would be:
A small tumor is excised from a patient's body. The pathologist wants to examine the number, size, and arrangement of cells within the tumor. The best technique to use would be:
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Fluorescence microscopy of cells that are labeled with a green fluorescent antibody against microtubules (a cytoskeletal component) differs from cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged to beta tubulin (a component of microtubules) in all the following ways EXCEPT:
Fluorescence microscopy of cells that are labeled with a green fluorescent antibody against microtubules (a cytoskeletal component) differs from cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged to beta tubulin (a component of microtubules) in all the following ways EXCEPT:
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Fluorescence microscopy of intact organisms or large cells results in the generation of blurred images. Which of the following is NOT a technique that reduces the out-of-focus signal that causes blurring?
Fluorescence microscopy of intact organisms or large cells results in the generation of blurred images. Which of the following is NOT a technique that reduces the out-of-focus signal that causes blurring?
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Osmium tetroxide is commonly used to:
Osmium tetroxide is commonly used to:
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The best 3-D images of cellular organelles come from:
The best 3-D images of cellular organelles come from:
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If a cellular homogenate were subjected to differential centrifugation, which of the following would be expected to pellet first?
If a cellular homogenate were subjected to differential centrifugation, which of the following would be expected to pellet first?
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The disruption of a cell is necessary to release its organelles and contents for subsequent isolation. One method, called _______, uses ultrahigh-frequency sound to disrupt the cell plasma membrane.
The disruption of a cell is necessary to release its organelles and contents for subsequent isolation. One method, called _______, uses ultrahigh-frequency sound to disrupt the cell plasma membrane.
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Although many types of vesicles are similar in size and density, it is possible to isolate specific types of vesicles through the use of:
Although many types of vesicles are similar in size and density, it is possible to isolate specific types of vesicles through the use of:
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Ultracentrifuges allow cell biologists to isolate mitochondria from lysosomes based on organelle differences in:
Ultracentrifuges allow cell biologists to isolate mitochondria from lysosomes based on organelle differences in:
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The enzymatic functions of specific organelles can best be examined:
The enzymatic functions of specific organelles can best be examined:
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Centrifugation of homogenized tissue from a mouse liver at 15,000 × g for 5 minutes will pellet:
Centrifugation of homogenized tissue from a mouse liver at 15,000 × g for 5 minutes will pellet:
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Rank the following organelles in terms of most dense to least dense: I. mitochondria II. peroxisomes III. lysosomes
Rank the following organelles in terms of most dense to least dense: I. mitochondria II. peroxisomes III. lysosomes
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Proteomic studies allow for the identification of all proteins within an organelle, assuming the organelle can be purified sufficiently well. Proteomic analyses of mitochondria from different cell types revealed what interesting finding?
Proteomic studies allow for the identification of all proteins within an organelle, assuming the organelle can be purified sufficiently well. Proteomic analyses of mitochondria from different cell types revealed what interesting finding?
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Study Notes
Culturing and Visualizing Cells
- Myeloma cells are best described as immortal immune cells that cannot produce antibodies.
- Serum provides growth factors for animal cell growth in culture.
- A catalase monoclonal antibody and transmission electron microscopy is the best technique to localize catalase in peroxisomes.
- Animal cells in culture produce glycoproteins, collagen, and hyaluronic acid to adhere to the culture dish, but not phospholipase A.
- Transformed cells can exhibit aneuploidy, presence of integrated viral genes, but not the ability to differentiate into different cell types or have tight junctions.
- Separating T-cells from other blood cells involves flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, utilizing T-cells' unique CD3 and Thy1.2 surface proteins.
- Primary cultures initially contain predominantly fibroblasts, which can divide approximately 50 times, resulting in a final cell count of 1.1 x 1017 for an initial population of 100 cells.
- Flow cytometry can analyze the DNA content of white blood cells, quantify cell size and shape, and measure the abundance and size of T-cells relative to other cells.
- Epithelial cells use apical surfaces for protein secretion into the bloodstream.
- Generating antibodies involves fusing mouse spleen cells with myeloma cells, selecting for cells capable of growth without purines, and injecting mice with the antibody target.
- Cultured cells are useful models for studying human diseases because they provide a standardized and controlled environment to study their function.
- Drugs that inhibit transcription would reduce antibody production by hybridomas.
- Fluorescence is the phenomenon where a chemical absorbs light at one wavelength and emits it at a longer wavelength.
- Differential interference light microscopy can be used to visualize subcellular structures in living cells.
- Short wavelength light (e.g., blue) provides better resolution in microscopy than longer wavelengths (e.g., red).
- Fixatives, like formaldehyde, can alter the structure and spatial relationships of cellular components and thus need to be considered during analysis of fixed specimens.
- Photo-activated localization microscopy helps circumvent the theoretical resolution limit of the microscope.
- Bright-field microscopy after fixation, sectioning, and staining is the best technique to examine the number, size, and arrangement of cells in a tumor sample.
- Immunofluorescence microscopy requires permeabilized cells to visualize using antibodies.
- Fluorescent dyes like SNARF-1 can identify the concentration of H+ ions in specific regions of a cell.
- Osmium tetroxide is a chemical used to stain specimens for transmission electron microscopy.
- 3-D images of cellular organelles are best visualized using cryoelectron microscopy.
- Differential centrifugation can separate cellular components based on size and density differences, allowing for the isolation of different organelles.
- Mitochondria and nuclei will sediment/pellet when centrifugation of homogenized mouse liver tissue is done at 15,000 x g for 5 minutes.
- The rough endoplasmic reticulum is denser than the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and can be differentiated using differential centrifugation.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cell culture and visualization techniques. This quiz covers topics like Myeloma cells, growth factors in serum, and advanced methods like flow cytometry. Test your knowledge on the principles and applications of culturing animal cells and their characteristics.
