Soc Lesson 10

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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe groups that reject the values and norms of the dominant culture?

Subculture

Ideal Culture

Counterculture (correct)

Real Culture

What is the primary difference between motorcycle fans and motorcycle gangs?

Their level of individual freedom

Their level of education

Their values on dirtiness and disdain for labour (correct)

Their emphasis on speed and achievement

What is the purpose of 'ideal culture' in sociology?

To describe the principles of a counterculture

To describe the values that people genuinely uphold

To describe the values of a subculture

To describe the principles, standards, and objectives that a group regards as ideal (correct)

What is an example of a counterculture in the 1800s?

The Mormons Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the values and norms that people genuinely uphold?

Real Culture Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of countercultures?

They reject the values and norms of the dominant culture Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a discrepancy between ideal culture and real culture?

Most people don't study as hard or get as far in school as they could Signup and view all the answers

What is the response of the dominant culture to countercultures?

They mock, exclude, or even harm them Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe groups that share the values and norms of the dominant culture?

Subculture Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of cultural diversity in the context of the Yugoslavian civil war?

It contributed to the civil war Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural relativism defined as?

Evaluating cultural beliefs in the context of their own culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the psychological disorientation experienced by persons interacting with a different culture?

Culture Shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of practicing cultural relativism?

To comprehend each culture on its own terms Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that contribute to culture shock?

Language barrier, differing customs and beliefs, food and lifestyle, and communication style Signup and view all the answers

Who are some examples of people experiencing culture shock in a Pakistani context?

Students studying abroad, visitors to Pakistan, and expatriates residing there Signup and view all the answers

What is the criticism of cultural relativism, as mentioned by Robert Edgerton?

It can lead to tolerating exploitation and inferior cultural ideals Signup and view all the answers

What are some effects of culture shock?

Anxiety, homesickness, confusion, sadness, and other negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of holding off on passing judgment when confronted with a strange cultural practice?

Greater understanding of the culture Signup and view all the answers

What can help combat culture shock?

Building a support network, remaining open-minded, keeping a good outlook, and learning about the new culture Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of cultural diversity?

The existence of various cultural beliefs, values, and practices within a society Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of cultural diversity?

Fostering tolerance and understanding, increasing creativity and innovation, and providing a rich cultural history Signup and view all the answers

What can culture shock lead to?

Uncertainty and disorientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of paying close attention to another culture?

We can see the order, security, identity, and significance they give to citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a subculture?

A cultural practice that distinguishes a particular population group within a society Signup and view all the answers

What was the author's experience when she travelled to rural China?

She was astounded by the sheer number of people living in villages Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the separation of people from one another?

Cultural differences Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of culture shock that the author experienced in rural China?

Astonishment and surprise Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to adopt cultural relativism for tourists?

It demands being receptive to different values and conventions Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adopting cultural relativism?

A greater understanding of oneself and others Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding other cultures in today's world?

It is increasing as more individuals from different parts of the world interact with one another Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Relativism and Culture Shock

Cultural relativism is the viewpoint that cultural beliefs, values, and practices should be evaluated in the context of their own culture.
Cultural shock refers to the uncertainty and disorientation experienced by persons who interact with a culture that is different from their own.
Factors that contribute to culture shock include language barriers, differing customs and beliefs, food and lifestyle, and communication style.
Effects of culture shock include anxiety, homesickness, confusion, sadness, and other negative emotions.
Effective ways to combat culture shock include building a support network, remaining open-minded, keeping a good outlook, and learning about the new culture.

Practicing Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism involves attempting to comprehend each culture on its own terms, without comparing it to or equating it with our own way of life.
Practicing cultural relativism can be challenging because our own culture is strongly ingrained in us.
It requires examining how a culture's components work together without comparing them to our own way of life.

Cultural Diversity in Pakistan

Cultural diversity refers to the existence of various cultural beliefs, values, and practices within a society.
Pakistan is a country with a diversified culture that includes a variety of ethnic, linguistic, and religious groupings.
Examples of Pakistan's cultural diversity include Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun, Balochi, and other cultural groups.
Advantages of cultural diversity include fostering tolerance and understanding, increasing creativity and innovation, and providing a rich cultural history.

Subcultures and Counterculture

A subculture refers to cultural practices that distinguish a particular population group within a society.
Subcultures are not just related to professions, but encompass all areas of life where people's experiences have given rise to unique worldviews.
A counterculture refers to groups that reject dominant cultural values and norms and instead create their own cultural practices.

Ideal vs. Real Culture

Ideal culture refers to the principles, standards, and objectives that a group regards as ideal and deserving of pursuit.
Real culture refers to the rules and values that people genuinely uphold.
There are usually discrepancies between what an organization believes in and what its members actually do.

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Test your understanding of cultural relativism, cultural diversity, and culture shock. Evaluate your knowledge of cultural beliefs, values, and practices in the Pakistani context.