Cultural Perspectives in Family Therapy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following authors have written about the impact of culture on family therapy?

  • M. McGoldrick, J. Giordano, and J. K. Pearce (correct)
  • M. Fukuyama and T. D. Sevig
  • R. Brown and G. J. Armelagos
  • M. Adams, L.A. Bell, and P. Griffin

Which of the following books focuses on the experiences of Black families?

  • Mixed Matches
  • The Crown of Columbus
  • Black Families in Therapy: Understanding the African American Experience (correct)
  • The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down

Which of the following authors have written about the impact of migration on the family life cycle?

  • P. Freire
  • C.J. Falicov (correct)
  • R. Brown and G. J. Armelagos
  • M. Adams, L.A. Bell, and P. Griffin

Which of the following authors specifically address the cultural competency in counseling?

<p>R. Carter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following book titles focuses on the topic of colorism?

<p>Mixed Matches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors explicitly discuss the concept of "critical race theory"?

<p>L.M. Burton, E. Bonilla-Silva, V. Ray, R. Buckelew, and E.H. Freeman (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following books focuses on the cultural differences between American doctors and Hmong patients?

<p>The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following authors examines the apportionment of racial diversity?

<p>R. Brown and G. J. Armelagos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms are NOT included in the definition of "sexual identity"?

<p>Gender Expression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has evolved in conjunction with sexism and gender oppression to favor straight, natal men?

<p>Heterosexism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a catalyst for the early gay and lesbian civil rights movements?

<p>The Civil Rights Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the 'ballroom' or 'house culture'?

<p>Promotes conformity to gender norms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sexual orientation is accurate?

<p>Sexual orientation is a social construct developed in the 20th century. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the early gay and lesbian civil rights movements?

<p>They were initially dominated by white, middle-class individuals but gradually expanded their focus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common perspective within the LGBTQ rights movement?

<p>While the movement has expanded its focus, white voices are still the dominant voices within the movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key point the text highlights in the context of cultural influence on our understanding of gender?

<p>Clinicians need to be aware of how their own gender assumptions and those embedded within their chosen theories influence their approach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor mentioned in the content that ballroom culture protects against?

<p>Ageism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea of the passage on 'Religion'?

<p>Religion unites and brings people together through shared values, beliefs, rituals, and behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, why is migration experience crucial to understanding culture?

<p>It highlights how families' migration experiences influence their cultural values and traditions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST reflects the relationship between ballroom culture and family?

<p>Ballroom culture provides a space for queer youth and adults to establish a chosen family that embraces their identities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key takeaway from the discussion about religion and ethnicity?

<p>Religious traditions can play a significant role in organizing communities, particularly for marginalized groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of this passage, what does the phrase "fictive kin" refer to?

<p>Chosen family, irrespective of blood ties or marriage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is NOT explicitly mentioned but is implied in the passage's discussion of ballroom culture?

<p>Commercialization of dance styles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented in the passage regarding the value of religion and spirituality?

<p>Understanding how religion and spirituality can both help and harm families is crucial for effective therapy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contribute to the success of a family adapting to a new life after immigration?

<p>The acceptance and integration of the immigrants into the new society. (A), The economic opportunities available in the new country. (B), The strength and resilience of the family members. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups, as cited in the text, experienced a particularly challenging adaptation due to pre-existing trauma?

<p>Latinx immigrants. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text as a factor contributing to a family's resilience and adaptation to a new environment?

<p>Engaging in active political participation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific examples are given in the text to illustrate the potential for ethnic enclaves to emerge as a result of collective migration?

<p>Irish, Polish, Italian, and Jewish immigrants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key takeaway highlighted by the text in relation to migration stressors and ethnic identity?

<p>Therapists should pay particular attention to migration stressors and ethnic identity conflicts when treating families. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point made in the text about the impact of a family's history on their experience of migration?

<p>Families that have experienced trauma in their home country may find it more difficult to adapt to a new environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue the author discusses regarding the mental health field?

<p>The limitations of traditional therapeutic models in addressing multicultural diversity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author describe the historical view of values from different cultures?

<p>They were considered less important than traditional values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way has the mental health field traditionally approached the influence of culture on human behavior?

<p>It has primarily focused on personality factors shaping behavior, neglecting cultural influences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's perspective on the role of cultural anthropologists in understanding cultural influences?

<p>Cultural anthropologists have primarily focused on distant non-European cultures, neglecting diverse ethnicities within the same society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have professional associations and credentialing bodies in the mental health field addressed the issue of cultural competence?

<p>They have mandated that practitioners develop cultural competence in ethical codes and standards. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence does the author provide to support the claim that culturally congruent interventions improve outcomes?

<p>Case studies demonstrating positive outcomes in diverse clients treated with culturally informed interventions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The author argues that the field of family therapy has shifted from a universalist perspective towards a more inclusive one. What is the primary difference between these two perspectives?

<p>Universalist focuses on universal principles, while inclusive emphasizes the impact of culture and other factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The passage mentions a 'standard' for normal family development and functioning. To what specific group were these standards applied?

<p>Patriarchal, white, middle-class, heterosexual families. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What made the author begin to identify as African American?

<p>Exposure to a history of forced migration and cultural influence from Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's primary argument about the development of her racial identity?

<p>Cultural influences and societal contexts play a significant role in shaping one's identity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author mean by 'watered' when referring to her ancestry?

<p>The amount of information and awareness of her heritage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the author's stance on claiming multiple ethnic identities?

<p>She acknowledges the complexities of identity and the influence of different ancestries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author's experience outside the United States influence her self-perception?

<p>It makes her more aware of her American identity and the privileges she enjoys. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea of the passage?

<p>The author reflects on the interplay of ancestry, societal context, and personal awareness in shaping identity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'The color of my skin...' What does this phrase suggest about the author's identity?

<p>The author's skin color is a visual marker of her racial identity and is used to categorize her. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor in the author's complex sense of identity?

<p>The cultural influences of her non-African ancestors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cultural Bias

A tendency to favor one's own culture while viewing others as 'ethnic' or inferior.

Cultural Competence

The ability to understand and effectively interact with people from different cultures.

Universalist Perspective

A viewpoint that treats certain cultural norms as standard for all families.

Cultural Influences

Factors from one's culture that impact emotional functioning and behavior.

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Gender Impact

The effects that gender roles and expectations have on family dynamics and therapy.

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Ethnic Diversity

The variety of different cultures and ethnic groups within a society.

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Therapeutic Models

Frameworks used in therapy that often lack consideration of cultural contexts.

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Intervention Outcomes

The results of therapeutic practices, which improve when aligned with clients' cultural values.

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Afrocentric worldview

A perspective that emphasizes African cultural heritage and history.

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African American

A term used to describe Black individuals in the United States with African ancestry.

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Maafa

A term referring to the African Holocaust, including enslavement and its consequences.

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Racial stratification

The hierarchical classification of people based on race.

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Identity influence

The effect of various ancestral backgrounds on one's self-perception.

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Cultural identity

The identity of a group based on shared values, beliefs, and history.

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Second-class status

A societal position where a group lacks full rights or privileges.

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Unconscious ancestry

Ancestral roots that influence identity without active awareness.

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Ballroom Community

A cultural space where queer youth and adults express identity and build kinship.

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Cultural Norms

Shared standards and expectations that guide behavior in a community.

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Fictive Kin

Non-biological ties that create a family-like bond among individuals.

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Religion as Culture

Religion influences cultural values, beliefs, and community structures.

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Religious Oppression

Discrimination based on religious beliefs that can impact community dynamics.

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Migration Experience

The historical movement of people that shapes cultural values and identity.

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Spiritual Community

A group of individuals connected through shared religious or spiritual beliefs.

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Resistance through Religion

Using religious traditions to organize and oppose social injustices.

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Cultural Lens in Clinical Practice

The perspective from which clinicians analyze cultural influences on gender assumptions.

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Sexual Identity

Integration of sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender role.

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Sexual Orientation

Direction of sexual, affectional, and emotional attraction.

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Heterosexism

System that privileges heterosexual norms over other sexual orientations.

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Stonewall Uprising

1969 event that sparked the gay rights movement.

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Ballroom Culture

An alternative kinship structure for queer urban African American and Latino/a LGBT individuals.

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Kinship Structures

Networks that create supportive, familial bonds among marginalized groups.

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LGBT Civil Rights Movement

A movement advocating for the rights of LGBT individuals.

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Reasons for Migration

The motivations driving individuals or families to relocate to a new country.

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Impact of Trauma

The lasting effects of previous societal trauma on immigrant families during adjustment.

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Collective Migration

When many individuals from a community migrate together, forming ethnic enclaves.

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Cultural Enclaves

Neighborhoods with a high concentration of a specific ethnic group that preserve cultural practices.

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Discrimination Effects

The negative impact of bias against new immigrants on their adaptation experiences.

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Family Dynamics

The ways family roles and relationships affect adaptation to migration.

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Ethnic Identity

The sense of belonging to a specific ethnic group that influences personal and social relationships.

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Parental Influence

The effect of parents' attitudes and experiences on children’s views of migration.

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Sexism Curriculum Design

An educational approach that addresses gender issues and biases in learning materials.

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Critical Race Theory

A framework that examines the intersection of race and law, advocating for social justice.

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Cultural Competence Training

Educational programs aimed at improving understanding and interaction with diverse cultures.

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Transgender Oppression

The systemic discrimination against transgender individuals, often reflected in societal norms.

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Mixed Matches

Relationships or marriages involving partners from different ethnic or racial backgrounds.

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Migration and Family Life Cycle

The impact of relocation on family dynamics and development at various life stages.

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Cultural Dimensions

The various aspects of culture that influence family functioning and individual behaviors.

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Educational Policy Standards

Guidelines set by educational bodies to ensure culturally relevant teaching and learning.

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Study Notes

Chapter 11: Culture - A Challenge to Concepts of Normality

  • Culture is integral to the healing process in psychotherapy, impacting worldview, self-perception, and understanding of reality (McGoldrick & Hardy, 2008; Smith, 2010; Sue & Sue, 2008).
  • Cultural values and norms inform psychological theories of human development, family systems, and healing (Carter, 2003; Ponterotto, Casas, Suzuki, & Alexander, 2010).
  • Examples, Eastern cultures emphasize social interconnectedness and empathy development, whereas Western cultures focus on individual autonomy and functioning. African American cultures, for instance, prioritize communal identity.
  • Traditional therapeutic models are often portrayed as culturally neutral, but these models reflect social assumptions which may be biased.
  • Family rules and patterns are deeply rooted in cultural norms.
  • Cultural influences on emotional functioning are often explored in anthropological studies of non-European cultures.
  • Professional associations acknowledge the role of culture in their ethical codes and standards, requiring practitioners to become culturally competent.
  • Interventions congruent with client values can improve outcomes in terms of retention and satisfaction (Griner & Smith, 2006).
  • Feminist and cultural perspectives challenge traditional, patriarchal, white, middle-class, heterosexual family models.
  • While acknowledging multiculturalism, the dominant culture's perspective on "normality" is often imposed, and cultural differences often associated with "otherness" rather than strengths.
  • Discussions of ethnicity frequently focus on deficits or "otherness" instead of strengths.
  • Culture organizes family patterns, structure, values, beliefs, norms, and practices.

Addressing Culture: Diversity and Complexity

  • Culture is an ongoing social context that influences thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
  • Cultural identity is determined by ancestry, race, class, gender, sexual identity/orientation, religion, generation, migration, etc.
  • Culture impacts well-being, mental, physical, and spiritual health.
  • Ethnicity is a complex construct of shared ancestry with values, beliefs, etc, passed down intergenerationally.
  • Culture shapes interactions among members inside and outside the family, influencing relationships and well-being.

Migration Experience

  • Migration history influences cultural values (Falicov, 2011).
  • Reason for migration, duration, and discrimination impact family's heritage and generational adaptation.
  • Parents' attitudes/fears during migration affect family messages, and well-being
  • Families experience trauma in migration, shaping family dynamics.
  • Adaptation to new situations differs depending on whether a whole community or individuals migrated.

Not Romanticizing Culture

  • Cultural values and beliefs are not necessarily sacrosanct; some cultural practices are unethical.
  • Interventions should be culturally sensitive and avoid imposing universal standards.
  • Cultural groups have diverse perspectives on what defines problems and approaches to solutions.

Clinical Practice Guidelines

  • Cultural differences exist both between and within groups.
  • Assumptions about cultural norms should be questioned and verified to avoid imposing "normality" based on dominant group perspectives.
  • Cultural competence involves self-reflection to avoid biases and acknowledge own cultural influences.
  • Language influences cultural context.
  • Importance of understanding family members' cultural backgrounds.
  • Clinicians can use questions about ethnicity, religion etc to assess family context and worldview.

References

  • Key authors and publications are listed in the provided text.

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