Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of Canadians are reported to be born outside of Canada?
What percentage of Canadians are reported to be born outside of Canada?
Which of the following cultures is NOT mentioned as part of Canada’s Indigenous groups?
Which of the following cultures is NOT mentioned as part of Canada’s Indigenous groups?
What was the primary purpose of French control over Canada during the period called 'New France'?
What was the primary purpose of French control over Canada during the period called 'New France'?
What major event led to the English control over Quebec?
What major event led to the English control over Quebec?
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Why did the English colonists want to establish control in Canada?
Why did the English colonists want to establish control in Canada?
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What was the attitude of the French towards Indigenous groups during their control of Canada?
What was the attitude of the French towards Indigenous groups during their control of Canada?
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What oath were the French required to take after the English conquest?
What oath were the French required to take after the English conquest?
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How many years did the period known as 'New France' last?
How many years did the period known as 'New France' last?
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What was the primary goal of John A. Macdonald regarding Indigenous people during the early years of Canadian Confederation?
What was the primary goal of John A. Macdonald regarding Indigenous people during the early years of Canadian Confederation?
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What were Indigenous reserves primarily established on?
What were Indigenous reserves primarily established on?
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Which of the following was NOT one of the treaty promises made to Indigenous peoples?
Which of the following was NOT one of the treaty promises made to Indigenous peoples?
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What educational aim did the Residential School System have regarding Indigenous children?
What educational aim did the Residential School System have regarding Indigenous children?
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Which of these statements reflects Macdonald's perception of Indigenous peoples?
Which of these statements reflects Macdonald's perception of Indigenous peoples?
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What was a significant change for Canada with the establishment of Canadian Confederation in 1867?
What was a significant change for Canada with the establishment of Canadian Confederation in 1867?
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How did the assimilation approach propose to address the challenges posed by Indigenous adults?
How did the assimilation approach propose to address the challenges posed by Indigenous adults?
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What characterized the nature of land at Indigenous reserves?
What characterized the nature of land at Indigenous reserves?
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What was one of the primary goals of removing children from their families and placing them in boarding schools?
What was one of the primary goals of removing children from their families and placing them in boarding schools?
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What did John A. Macdonald imply about indigenous children living on reserves?
What did John A. Macdonald imply about indigenous children living on reserves?
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What consequences did children face at residential schools for not following the rules?
What consequences did children face at residential schools for not following the rules?
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What term describes the cultural destruction caused by the residential schools?
What term describes the cultural destruction caused by the residential schools?
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When did the last residential school close?
When did the last residential school close?
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What was an immediate effect on indigenous students who attended residential schools?
What was an immediate effect on indigenous students who attended residential schools?
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What happened to the languages spoken by Indigenous peoples as a result of the residential schools?
What happened to the languages spoken by Indigenous peoples as a result of the residential schools?
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What long-term impact did the residential school system have on Indigenous cultures?
What long-term impact did the residential school system have on Indigenous cultures?
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What percentage of Indigenous Canadians complete high school?
What percentage of Indigenous Canadians complete high school?
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How does the life expectancy of Indigenous Canadians compare to that of White Canadians?
How does the life expectancy of Indigenous Canadians compare to that of White Canadians?
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How did the French and indigenous people interact in relation to fur hunting?
How did the French and indigenous people interact in relation to fur hunting?
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What was the primary need of the English settlers regarding indigenous land?
What was the primary need of the English settlers regarding indigenous land?
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Which of the following is a consequence of historical educational experiences for Indigenous Canadians?
Which of the following is a consequence of historical educational experiences for Indigenous Canadians?
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What was a key aspect of the treaties signed between native people and the English?
What was a key aspect of the treaties signed between native people and the English?
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What action is suggested as a first step for the government to restore trust in the educational system among Indigenous Canadians?
What action is suggested as a first step for the government to restore trust in the educational system among Indigenous Canadians?
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What is the suicide rate of Indigenous Canadians compared to Non-Indigenous Canadians?
What is the suicide rate of Indigenous Canadians compared to Non-Indigenous Canadians?
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What did the Toronto Purchase Treaty signify for the Mississauga People?
What did the Toronto Purchase Treaty signify for the Mississauga People?
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What is one prevalent issue affecting over 40% of Indigenous Canadians today?
What is one prevalent issue affecting over 40% of Indigenous Canadians today?
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What was the nature of the land designated as 'Reservations' for indigenous people?
What was the nature of the land designated as 'Reservations' for indigenous people?
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What action did the Mississauga People take in 2010 regarding the 1805 treaty?
What action did the Mississauga People take in 2010 regarding the 1805 treaty?
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What is the completion rate of university education among Indigenous Canadians?
What is the completion rate of university education among Indigenous Canadians?
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What role did treaties play in the relationship between indigenous peoples and English settlers?
What role did treaties play in the relationship between indigenous peoples and English settlers?
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What socio-economic condition do more than 50% of Indigenous Canadians live in?
What socio-economic condition do more than 50% of Indigenous Canadians live in?
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How did English settlers impact the land of indigenous people?
How did English settlers impact the land of indigenous people?
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Study Notes
Cultural Diversity In Canada
- 40% of Canadians were not born in Canada
- Over 200 different cultures in Canada
- Canada has always been diverse
Indigenous Diversity
- Indigenous groups spanned hundreds of different cultures, religions and languages
- The arrival of the French and English impacted the hundreds of indigenous cultures
French Canada
- French controlled Canada for 230 years
- The French called Canada "New France"
- The French capital city was Quebec
- The French traded with indigenous groups for furs
English Canada
- The English conquered Quebec in 1759
- The English promised to protect French language, culture and religion
- The English wanted Canada for farmland, as England was overpopulated
- The English encountered conflict with the indigenous groups, as they needed the land for their settlements
Treaties
- Hundreds of treaties were signed between the English and indigenous groups
- Treaty promises included yearly payments, medical care, food aid, farming tools, education, the right to use the land and right to live on the land
- In 1805, the British paid the Mississauga People $40 for 100,000 km of land, now worth over $100 billion
English Settlement
- More English settlers arrived in Canadian colonies annually
- English settlers displaced indigenous peoples and built farms and cites
Reserves
- Indigenous people were forced to relocate to reserves
- Reserves contained mountainous, swamp, and tundra land
- Reserves were built on land unsuitable for farming
- Reserves were isolated from English settlements
Canadian Confederation 1867
- In 1867 the British colonies in North America unified to form a new country
- Canadian Laws were made in Canada
- Canada established its own government and Prime Minister
Assimilation
- John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada, saw the indigenous people as "savages" who did not work or farm
- The children of indigenous people were targeted for assimilation
Residential School System
- Residential Schools were set up to teach indigenous children English, European history, and Christianity
- Children were forbidden from speaking their language, practicing their culture, and following traditional religion
- Children who broke the rules were physically abused
- Thousands of indigenous children died at these schools
The Legacy of Residential Schools
- Cultural genocide was committed against indigenous peoples
- Indigenous languages were forgotten
- There is an extreme amount of dislike and mistrust towards the educational system
- Indigenous people experience higher rates of poverty, lack of access to clean drinking water, incarceration, depression, and suicide compared to non-Indigenous Canadians
- The average life expectancy for indigenous Canadians is 20 years less than non-indigenous Canadians
Addressing the Legacy
- The government needs to spend millions of dollars to repair and restore Indigenous culture
- The first step towards repairing Indigenous culture is acknowledging the cultural genocide committed against Indigenous groups.
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of cultural diversity in Canada, including the significant impact of Indigenous groups, French settlers, and English colonization. Learn about the historical treaties that shaped relationships between these groups. Test your knowledge of how Canada's multicultural identity has evolved over time.
