Questions and Answers
What is the preferred method of administering pain medication for Arab Americans?
Intramuscular or IV
How do Vietnamese people tend to view the numerical scale of rating pain?
They may not understand it
What is the cultural significance of bearing pain for many Asian Americans?
A virtue and a matter of family honor
How do Filipinos tend to view pain?
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What is the concern of some older African Americans regarding pain medication?
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How do Koreans tend to express pain?
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What is a characteristic of acute pain?
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Why is it important for the nurse to be cautious when assessing patients with acute pain?
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What is the primary difference between acute and chronic pain?
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What is a characteristic of patients with chronic pain?
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What is the term for medications that relieve pain?
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What may occur if acute pain persists?
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What is the primary concern when administering naloxone to a patient receiving opioids for pain control?
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What is the purpose of administering naloxone in an emergency department?
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What is a characteristic of some opioid antagonists?
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What is the purpose of continuing the maintenance dose of opioids even when additional pain medications are required?
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What is the mechanism of action of combined agonists and antagonists or partial agonists?
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What is the potential consequence of administering butorphanol to a patient receiving sustained-release morphine?
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What is the primary objective of establishing a pain control goal during the planning phase?
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Why is it important to establish pain goals for patients with cognitive deficits?
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What is a potential consequence of setting a pain goal that is too low?
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Why is education important when helping patients and caregivers set realistic pain control goals?
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What is a potential goal for a patient with chronic pain after surgery?
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What is the name of the assessment tool developed by clinicians and researchers at the New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center?
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What is the primary benefit of giving pain medication on a routine schedule around the clock?
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What is the main reason Mrs. Shepard's epidural infusion should be continued for a time after it is discontinued?
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Why is it important to consider the maximum safe dose of hydrocodone/acetaminophen for Mrs. Shepard?
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What is the purpose of instructing Mrs. Shepard about her role in her pain management regimen?
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Why is effective pain management important in preventing postoperative complications?
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What is the consideration for older adult patients when giving hydrocodone/acetaminophen for more than a few days?
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What is the primary benefit of effective pain management in healthcare?
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Which of the following is NOT a consideration in cultural pain management?
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What is the primary objective of regulatory bodies in pain management?
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What is the role of the healthcare team in pain management?
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What is the importance of patient education in pain management?
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What is the primary benefit of assessing pain in patients?
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What is the primary focus of accepting a patient's report of pain?
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Why may patients try to hide their pain from healthcare providers?
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What is a key aspect of obtaining a pain history from a patient?
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What is an important consideration when assessing the effects of pain on a patient's quality of life?
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What is a potential consequence of a healthcare provider distrusts a patient's report of pain?
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What is the purpose of using the WHAT'S UP? format in pain assessment?
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What is the primary difference between Joanne's pain and the author's pain?
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What is the significance of Joanne's comment about the author's appearance?
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What is the author's advice to nurses regarding patients with pain?
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What is the outcome of Joanne's surgery for her herniated disc?
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What is the significance of the author's comparison of their pain to Joanne's pain?
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What is the author's attitude towards their chronic pain?
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What is the significance of keeping a pain diary for patients?
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What is the primary source of pain assessment for patients with cognitive impairments?
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Why do older adults frequently have unmet pain needs?
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What is the importance of a thorough physical assessment in pain management?
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What should be reported promptly to the RN or HCP?
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What is the significance of identifying all pain sites in patients?
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What is the reason for decreasing opioid analgesic doses by 25% to 50% in older patients?
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What is the primary purpose of the PAINAD Scale?
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What is the range of total scores in the PAINAD Scale?
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What is indicated by a score of 0 in the PAINAD Scale?
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What is the purpose of the FACES-R Pain Scale?
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What is the significance of the breathing component in the PAINAD Scale?
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What is the minimum amount of uninterrupted sleep required for patients to break the cycle of sleeplessness and pain?
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What is the purpose of adding a sedative or sleep aid to a patient's medication?
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What is the benefit of using controlled-release opioids in pain management?
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What is the role of the interdisciplinary pain management team?
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What is the importance of communication among team members in pain management?
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What can increase productive sleep in patients with chronic pain?
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What is the benefit of helping patients with chronic pain get at least 6 to 7 hours of uninterrupted sleep?
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Why may patients with chronic pain need to wake up during the night to take pain medication?
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What is the underlying assumption of Margo McCaffery's definition of pain?
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What is the primary purpose of pain as a protective mechanism?
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What is the significance of the International Association for the Study of Pain's (IASP) definition of pain?
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What is the implication of accepting a patient's report of pain?
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What is the relationship between pain and suffering?
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What is the significance of the concept of nonmaleficence in pain management?
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What is the implication of the phrase 'Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is'?
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What is the primary goal of pain management in healthcare?
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Which aspect of pain management is crucial to reduce costs?
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What is the responsibility of the entire health team in terms of pain management?
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Why is cultural consideration important in pain management?
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What is the purpose of regulatory bodies reviewing organizational pain management practices?
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How can pain management help to reduce complications related to inadequate pain control?
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What is the focus of patient and family teaching in pain management?
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Why is effective pain management important in healthcare?
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What is the primary goal of the healthcare team in pain management?
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What is the primary benefit of giving Mrs. Shepard pain medication on a routine schedule around the clock?
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Why is it important to consider Mrs. Shepard's history when managing her pain?
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What is the primary reason for continuing Mrs. Shepard's epidural infusion for a time after it is discontinued?
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Why is it important to instruct Mrs. Shepard about her role in her pain management regimen?
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What is the maximum safe dose of hydrocodone/acetaminophen that Mrs. Shepard can receive in 24 hours?
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Why is it important to consider the effects of immobility on Mrs. Shepard's postoperative recovery?
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What is the potential consequence of not considering Mrs. Shepard's age when giving her hydrocodone/acetaminophen?
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What is the benefit of giving Mrs. Shepard oral medication at the time the epidural is stopped?
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What is the primary purpose of providing information about what to do and whom to contact if pain becomes unmanageable?
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According to McCaffery's definition of pain, what assumption is most likely correct about a patient who reports a pain level of 6 on a scale of 0 to 10?
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What is the most likely explanation for a patient with terminal cancer who appears to be in no pain while watching a movie on television?
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What action should the nurse take when a patient develops tolerance to opioid analgesics?
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What is the primary benefit of using a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in pain management?
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What is the primary goal of pain assessment in patients with cognitive impairments?
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What is the primary benefit of using the PAINAD Scale in pain assessment?
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What is the primary concern when administering opioids to patients with a history of substance abuse?
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What is the primary purpose of obtaining a patient's pain history?
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Why is it important to use a consistent pain rating scale for a particular patient?
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What is the primary advantage of using the FACES-R scale in pain assessment?
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What is the primary benefit of using the PAINAD scale in pain assessment?
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What is a key consideration when selecting a pain assessment tool?
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Why is it important to involve family members in pain assessment for non-verbal or cognitively impaired patients?
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What is the primary consequence of not using a consistent pain rating scale for a particular patient?
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What is the primary goal of pain assessment in healthcare?
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What is the primary advantage of using intraspinal opioids for pain relief?
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What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral interventions in pain management?
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What is the significance of educating patients about their pain and its management?
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What is the primary consideration while establishing a pain control goal during the planning phase?
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Why is it important to educate patients and caregivers about pain control goals?
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What is the primary benefit of using non-pharmacological therapies in pain management?
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What is the primary role of physical agents in pain management?
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What is the significance of identifying behavioral indicators in patients with cognitive deficits?
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What is the primary characteristic of cognitive-behavioral interventions?
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What is the primary benefit of involving patients and caregivers in setting pain control goals?
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What is the implication of setting a pain control goal that is too high?
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What is the primary benefit of using intraspinal opioids for orthopedic surgical procedures?
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What is the primary goal of relaxation techniques in pain management?
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Why is it important to consider the patient's activity goals during the planning phase?
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What is the primary benefit of establishing pain control goals that are realistic and achievable?
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What is the implication of setting a pain control goal that is too low?
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What is the primary reason for ensuring patients with chronic pain get at least 6 to 7 hours of uninterrupted sleep?
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What is the benefit of using controlled-release opioids in patients with chronic pain?
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What is the role of the interdisciplinary pain management team in patient care?
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Why may the addition of a sedative or sleep aid be necessary in patients with chronic pain?
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What is the importance of aromatherapy in pain management?
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What is the primary goal of the healthcare team in managing pain in patients with chronic pain?
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What is the significance of limiting caffeine intake after 1500 in patients with chronic pain?
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What is the role of the patient and family in the interdisciplinary pain management team?
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What is the primary goal of evaluation in the nursing process for patients in pain?
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How many milliliters of morphine should the nurse administer to Mr. Sebastian while he is in the hospital?
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What may influence a patient's perception or report of pain?
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What is essential to consider when planning for Mr. Sebastian's discharge and home health care?
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Why may some patients underreport their pain?
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What is the significance of continuously updating the plan of care based on evaluation?
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What is the nurse's role in managing Mr. Sebastian's pain at home?
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What may occur if a patient's pain is not managed effectively at home?
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Study Notes
• Arab American patients tend to view pain as something to be controlled, and may not openly express pain to caregivers, but may use elaborate verbal expressions to describe their pain to family members.
• Asian American patients, such as Chinese and Koreans, tend to be stoical and describe pain in terms of diverse body symptoms instead of locally, and may prefer warm compresses.
• Filipino patients may view pain as an invasion of privacy, and may not understand the concept of rating pain on a numerical scale.
• Vietnamese patients may not understand the numerical scale of rating pain, and observing facial expressions may provide an indicator of pain.
• African American patients may openly and publicly display pain, but this is highly variable, and many fear that medication may be addictive.
• Naloxone (Narcan) is a pure opioid antagonist that counteracts the effects of opioids and is often used in emergency departments to treat opioid overdose.
• Caution must be used when giving naloxone to a patient who is receiving opioids for pain control, as it can reverse not only the unwanted effects but also the desired effect of analgesia.
• Some analgesics are classified as combined agonists and antagonists or partial agonists, which bind with some opioid receptors and block others.
• The PAINAD (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia) scale was developed to assess pain in patients with dementia and is based on five items: breathing, vocalization, facial expression, body language, and consolability.
• The FACES-R Pain Scale is another tool used to assess pain in patients and is based on six faces that range from a neutral expression to a distressed expression.
• Acute pain is immediate and follows injury to the body, prompts an inflammatory response, and subsides as healing takes place.
• Chronic pain typically lasts three months or longer, persisting beyond the time when healing usually takes place.
• Patients with chronic pain may have both nociceptive and neuropathic components that require a combination of medications and nonpharmacological treatments.
• Effective pain management can help prevent postoperative complications such as retained pulmonary secretions and ileus.
• Older adult patients metabolize and excrete medications more slowly than younger patients, and may require adjusted dosages of pain medication.
• Opioid analgesic doses may need to be decreased by 25% to 50% initially in older patients because they tend to work longer and stronger in this population.
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