Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the implicit self-esteem?
What is the implicit self-esteem?
- The recognition of being a separate individual
- The evaluations of specific abilities in particular areas
- The less conscious evaluations people make of themselves (correct)
- The concrete positive or negative evaluations people make of themselves
How do Japanese students value letters in their names during tests of implicit self-esteem?
How do Japanese students value letters in their names during tests of implicit self-esteem?
- They value letters in their names less than other letters in the alphabet
- They do not value letters in their names at all during tests
- They value letters in their names more than other letters in the alphabet (correct)
- They value letters in their names equally with other letters in the alphabet
At what stage does the sense of self begin to develop, according to the text?
At what stage does the sense of self begin to develop, according to the text?
- Adolescence and young adulthood
- Infancy (correct)
- Adulthood
- Childhood
Where does self-knowledge come from, according to the text?
Where does self-knowledge come from, according to the text?
What is ethnic identity related to?
What is ethnic identity related to?
Which group may find developing a sense of self challenging?
Which group may find developing a sense of self challenging?
What is bicultural competence related to?
What is bicultural competence related to?
What can influence the development of ethnic identity?
What can influence the development of ethnic identity?
How do individuals with independent self-concepts view themselves?
How do individuals with independent self-concepts view themselves?
How do individuals with interdependent self-concepts view themselves?
How do individuals with interdependent self-concepts view themselves?
What do factors such as parental involvement and personal experiences of racism influence?
What do factors such as parental involvement and personal experiences of racism influence?
What varies across cultures, emphasizing individuality in some and interdependence in others?
What varies across cultures, emphasizing individuality in some and interdependence in others?
What are motivation and personal choice influenced by?
What are motivation and personal choice influenced by?
What does the measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals help assess?
What does the measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals help assess?
What can some individuals have that represents a blend of two cultures?
What can some individuals have that represents a blend of two cultures?
What are possible selves primarily focused on?
What are possible selves primarily focused on?
According to Ruvalo and Markus (1992), how did participants imagining themselves as successful due to their own efforts behave in a task?
According to Ruvalo and Markus (1992), how did participants imagining themselves as successful due to their own efforts behave in a task?
What do self-discrepancies arise from?
What do self-discrepancies arise from?
According to self-discrepancy theory, what do people strive for?
According to self-discrepancy theory, what do people strive for?
What is self-regulation defined as?
What is self-regulation defined as?
What does the working self-concept determine?
What does the working self-concept determine?
What can self-esteem be based on?
What can self-esteem be based on?
What did Crocker and associates (2002) study the impact of on self-esteem?
What did Crocker and associates (2002) study the impact of on self-esteem?
What is the process through which people identify emotions based on physiological and mental reactions?
What is the process through which people identify emotions based on physiological and mental reactions?
Which source of self-knowledge involves evaluating personal qualities by comparing oneself to others?
Which source of self-knowledge involves evaluating personal qualities by comparing oneself to others?
In the context of self-knowledge, what is shaped by membership in social groups and the value attached to those memberships?
In the context of self-knowledge, what is shaped by membership in social groups and the value attached to those memberships?
Which source of self-knowledge is formed by how others perceive and respond to us?
Which source of self-knowledge is formed by how others perceive and respond to us?
What is another significant source of self-knowledge, involving feedback from parents and peers?
What is another significant source of self-knowledge, involving feedback from parents and peers?
Which source of self-knowledge involves observing one's own behavior to gain knowledge about less important aspects of the self?
Which source of self-knowledge involves observing one's own behavior to gain knowledge about less important aspects of the self?
What plays a major role in shaping self-knowledge by including experiences from family, teachers, friends, and cultural activities?
What plays a major role in shaping self-knowledge by including experiences from family, teachers, friends, and cultural activities?
What can be traced to specific experiences and serves as a source of self-knowledge?
What can be traced to specific experiences and serves as a source of self-knowledge?
What is formed by how others perceive and respond to us, serving as a significant source of self-knowledge?
What is formed by how others perceive and respond to us, serving as a significant source of self-knowledge?
Which source of self-knowledge is influenced by memories and past experiences?
Which source of self-knowledge is influenced by memories and past experiences?
What serves as a source of self-knowledge, highlighting unique aspects of oneself?
What serves as a source of self-knowledge, highlighting unique aspects of oneself?
What involves the process of identifying emotions based on physiological and mental reactions?
What involves the process of identifying emotions based on physiological and mental reactions?
What type of emotions are associated with the independent self?
What type of emotions are associated with the independent self?
Which culture places higher importance on social norms and approval for life satisfaction?
Which culture places higher importance on social norms and approval for life satisfaction?
According to the study by Diner and Diner (1995), what showed different relationships in interdependent and independent cultures?
According to the study by Diner and Diner (1995), what showed different relationships in interdependent and independent cultures?
What do psychologists argue that Western definitions of self-esteem miss for interdependent cultures?
What do psychologists argue that Western definitions of self-esteem miss for interdependent cultures?
What kinds of identities do bicultural individuals, such as Chinese-born students, have?
What kinds of identities do bicultural individuals, such as Chinese-born students, have?
In what do individuals with independent self-construals focus?
In what do individuals with independent self-construals focus?
What are self-schemas?
What are self-schemas?
What are possible selves?
What are possible selves?
What do members of some Western ethnic and religious groups tend to have in terms of self-schemas?
What do members of some Western ethnic and religious groups tend to have in terms of self-schemas?
What do members of some Western ethnic and religious groups tend to have in terms of self-esteem?
What do members of some Western ethnic and religious groups tend to have in terms of self-esteem?
What influences behavior and motivation according to the text?
What influences behavior and motivation according to the text?
What is the focus of individuals with interdependent self-construals?
What is the focus of individuals with interdependent self-construals?
What influences self-regulation by acting as a buffer against stressful events?
What influences self-regulation by acting as a buffer against stressful events?
Which belief influences whether people undertake activities and make progress towards goals?
Which belief influences whether people undertake activities and make progress towards goals?
What plays a role in self-regulation by enabling planning, coping with setbacks, and engaging in self-regulatory processes?
What plays a role in self-regulation by enabling planning, coping with setbacks, and engaging in self-regulatory processes?
Which system promotes approach behavior towards people or activities?
Which system promotes approach behavior towards people or activities?
What belief can be influenced by early experiences with success and failure?
What belief can be influenced by early experiences with success and failure?
Who are more vulnerable to failure and its impact on self-esteem?
Who are more vulnerable to failure and its impact on self-esteem?
What does BAS activation lead to?
What does BAS activation lead to?
"The number of dimensions people use to think about themselves" refers to:
"The number of dimensions people use to think about themselves" refers to:
What is the role of personal control in self-regulation?
What is the role of personal control in self-regulation?
What belief influences whether people undertake activities and make progress towards goals?
What belief influences whether people undertake activities and make progress towards goals?
What involves two motivational systems: BAS and BIS?
What involves two motivational systems: BAS and BIS?
What is influenced by early experiences with success and failure?
What is influenced by early experiences with success and failure?
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Study Notes
- Self-esteem based heavily on academic competence results in greater increases and decreases compared to those with less academically-based self-esteem.
- Working self-concept can be incongruous with stable self-concept, with temporary changes potentially impacting the permanent self-concept.
- Self-complexity, or the number of dimensions people use to think about themselves, influences self-regulation by acting as a buffer against stressful events.
- People with simple self-conceptions are more vulnerable to failure and its impact on self-esteem, while those with complex self-concepts have other aspects of themselves to fall back on.
- Self-efficacy beliefs, or the expectations people hold about their abilities to accomplish tasks, influence whether they undertake activities and make progress towards goals.
- Self-efficacy beliefs are specific to tasks and can be influenced by early experiences with success and failure.
- Personal control, or the belief that one has the ability to influence events in their life, plays a role in self-regulation by enabling planning, coping with setbacks, and engaging in self-regulatory processes.
- Behavioral regulation involves two motivational systems: the behavioral activation system (BAS), which promotes approach behavior, and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), which promotes avoidance behavior.
- BAS activation leads to approach behavior towards people or activities, while BIS activation leads to avoidance.
- Both BAS and BIS play important roles in self-regulation, with the balance between the two influencing behavior and emotional responses.
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