Understanding Emotions and Culture
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes emotions?

  • Biological responses that are constant and unchanging.
  • Short-term responses to specific challenges and opportunities. (correct)
  • Long-term psychological states influenced by external events.
  • Emotional reactions that do not involve physiological changes.

    • What do appraisal theories emphasize regarding emotions?

  • Emotions are basic feelings inherent to all humans.
  • Facial expressions are the primary indicators of emotions.
  • Emotions are unlearned responses to physical stimuli.
  • Appraisal of objects must occur to elicit an emotion. (correct)

    • Which of the following is a key feature of emotions?

  • They are always accompanied by behavioral dispositions.
  • They remain constant regardless of context.
  • They require time to develop before being expressed.
  • They have social functions and involve physiological changes. (correct)

    • According to evolutionary theories, emotions serve which of the following functions?

    <p>To signal basic feelings with survival and signaling functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do social constructionism theories view emotions?

    <p>Emotions are learned responses shaped by social contexts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a main emotion described under evolutionary theories?

    <p>Jealousy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect do emotional responses typically involve?

    <p>Variable patterns for different emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best captures the concept of culture in relation to emotions?

    <p>A human-made environment that influences emotional responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of individuals from collectivistic cultures regarding emotion perception?

    <p>They are more influenced by emotional tone of context.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specifies the main difference in affect valuation between East Asians and Westerners according to Affect Valuation Theory?

    <p>East Asians strive for low-arousal positive emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly contrasts the dialectical and optimizing doctrines of emotion?

    <p>Dialectical doctrines associate good and bad feelings together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Matsumoto et al. (2008) suggest about individualistic countries regarding emotions?

    <p>They encourage greater expressivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Japanese participants typically respond in emotional context judgments compared to European Canadians?

    <p>They show a greater influence of context on emotion judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly expressed feeling among East Asians in relation to positive emotions?

    <p>They report feeling both positive and negative feelings simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tendency is indicated about emotional expressions in the presence of an experimenter among Japanese participants?

    <p>Suppression of emotional expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is associated with independence in thinking styles?

    <p>Analytical thinking styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do collectivist cultures typically express emotions compared to individualist cultures?

    <p>Collectivist cultures often suppress personal emotions for the sake of the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural dimension framework examines the relationship between individualism and collectivism?

    <p>Hofstede's Dimensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge noted in cross-cultural psychology regarding emotional measurement?

    <p>Emotional expressions vary significantly across cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dialectical doctrine of emotion differ from the optimizing doctrine?

    <p>Dialectical doctrine sees emotions as dynamic and context-dependent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential misconception regarding the expression of emotions across cultures?

    <p>All cultures have identical facial expressions for the same emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT commonly used to measure emotions in cross-cultural psychology?

    <p>Astrological profiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main difficulties in understanding emotional experiences in diverse cultures?

    <p>Psychological theories often rely on WEIRD samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the Universality Hypothesis regarding emotions?

    <p>Some emotions are innate and cross-cultural in their expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key observation regarding facial expressions between American and Japanese individuals when watching stressful movies with an experimenter?

    <p>Japanese individuals inhibit their emotional expressions in the presence of the experimenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the cultural dimensions framework developed by Hofstede?

    <p>It allows for comparison and clustering of cultures based on specific value constructs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do individualistic cultures typically view self-concept compared to collectivistic cultures?

    <p>They promote an independent self-concept focusing on personal uniqueness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the dialect theory of facial expressions suggest about cultural variations?

    <p>Different cultures may exhibit slight variations in innate expressions akin to dialects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can influence the perception of emotions in facial expressions according to the group advantage concept?

    <p>Familiarity with expressions of one's own cultural group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best illustrates the implications of display rules in collectivistic cultures?

    <p>Finding it less desirable to express negative emotions publicly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant finding regarding emotional expressiveness among different regional cultures within the same country?

    <p>Southerners are generally more expressive than Northerners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the experience of emotions characterized differently in collectivistic cultures as opposed to individualistic cultures?

    <p>Collectivistic cultures emphasize maintaining harmony and connection over individual expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Emotion Learning Objectives

    • Concepts of emotions and culture
    • Cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotional experience and expression
    • Cultural dimensions to investigate cross-cultural differences in emotion

    What are Emotions?

    • Episodic, short-term, biologically based patterns
    • Perception, experience, physiology, and communication
    • Occur in response to physical and social challenges & opportunities

    Key Features of Emotions

    • Brief responses to things, people, events, and thoughts
    • Social functions
    • Involve: evaluation, physiological changes, expressions, subjective experience, and mental processes/behavioral dispositions
    • Tools for evaluating experience and preparing for action

    Theories of Emotion

    • Evolutionary Theories:

      • Charles Darwin and Paul Ekman
      • Emotions are feelings and actions
      • Continuity between human and animal expressions
      • Emotions have survival and signaling roles ('serviceable habits')
      • Emphasis on facial expressions
      • Basic emotions: anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness

    • Appraisal Theories:

      • Focus on how people appraise an event
      • Magda Arnold: object appraised as affecting the individual

    • Constructionist Theories:

      • William James: Emotions as awareness of physiological adjustments
      • James Averill: Emotions are social constructions, understood socially

    Social Constructionism

    • William James: Emotion is awareness of physiological adjustments
    • Emotions are bodily changes
    • Autonomic nervous system, facial, and bodily feedback play key roles
    • James Averill: Emotions are social constructions. Can be fully understood only from a social perspective.
    • Socially prescribed responses in specific situations.
    • Emotions are learned through socialization
    • Lisa Feldman Barrett: Emotions are constructed from social and historical knowledge

    Culture

    • Part of our environment made by humans (Oyserman, 2017)

    Functions of Culture

    • Provides predictability, social rules

    • Facilitates life in groups & social coordination

    • Sustains individual welfare

    • Clarifies group boundaries

    • Feels like reality (We need to step outside our culture to recognize it)

    • Levels of Cultures:

      • Countries
      • Subcultures
      • Social class
      • Religion
      • Skin color
      • Professions
      • Political preferences

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    Related Documents

    Culture: Emotion and Social Construction PDF
    Culture and Emotion PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate relationship between emotions and cultural influences through this quiz. Delve into cross-cultural similarities and differences in emotional experience, expression, and the theories underpinning these phenomena. This quiz will enhance your understanding of how emotions serve social functions and their evolutionary roles.

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