Cultural Concepts and Theories Quiz

Culture

• Culture encompasses a society's shared values, beliefs, practices, and material possessions.

Cumulative Synthesis Theory of Invention

• The Cumulative Synthesis Theory of Invention posits that invention is a complex process involving four stages: problem recognition, stage setting, insight, and revision.

Deontological Ethical Theories

• These theories determine right and wrong based on inherent qualities of actions, agent intentions, or authority approval, rather than consequences.

Deskilling/Deskilling Effect

• New work situations can lead to "deskilling," where workers are no longer required to utilize previously acquired skills due to technological advancements.

Deoxy-Ribonucleic Acid (DNA)

• DNA is the genetic material in cells.
• It consists of a double helix structure composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C).
• DNA base pairs are always AT and GC.

Equilibrium-Disequilibrium Model

• This model examines how technological innovation disrupts societal equilibrium, leading to cultural disequilibrium, followed by readjustment to a new equilibrium.

Engineering

• Engineering focuses on the design, production, and operation of technologies to fulfill practical human needs.

Enskilling Effect

• A new work situation that demands workers to develop and utilize fresh skills not previously required.

Environmental Impact Statement

• This statement assesses the anticipated effects, both positive and negative, of a proposed technological project on the natural and built environment.

Evolution, Theory of

• Darwin's theory of evolution is biology's central theory.
• Evolution is a long-term process (over 3 billion years) driven by mutations in genes and natural selection, leading to changes at the genetic and physiological levels.

Formalized Technical Procedures

• Structured instructions, often computer programs, providing specific and precise guidelines for carrying out technical tasks.

Health and Safety Issues

• Concern about potential hazards in science and technology, including exposure to chemicals and radiation, and the increasing prevalence of disabling diseases.

Heroic Theory of Invention

• This theory attributes inventions to individual ingenuity, brilliance, determination, and effort.

High Technology

• Technologies developed in the late 20th century that rely heavily on advanced scientific and engineering knowledge, commonly found in fields like microelectronics, biotechnology, aerospace, and instrumentation.

Hypothesis

• A testable scientific proposition that can be proven true or false through experiments.
• A well-formed hypothesis presents a predictive question that can be investigated through research.

IDUAR Model

• A model of the relationship between technical change and social change, considering five factors: innovation itself, diffusion, use, adaptation, and societal resistance.

Indigenous Technology

• Technologies that are unique to a specific place, people, or geographical region.

Industrial Revolution

• The shift from human and animal labor to technologies powered by inanimate energy sources.

Industrialization

• Continuous expansion of advanced technologies to efficiently extract resources from the environment and produce goods for human consumption.

Influence Agent

• An individual or group, such as a government agency, business, union, or public interest organization, that influences scientific or technological activities, products, or the broader societal enterprise of science and technology.

Influence Effect

• Changes in scientific or technological activities, products, or the overall societal enterprise of science and technology resulting from exerted influence.

Influence Exercise

• Various methods employed by influence agents to bring about specific desired outcomes.

Innovation/Invention

• A new intellectual, material, or social product or process that is ready for practical use.

Innovation Diffusion

• The process of spreading an innovation within a social group.

Innovation System (Western Context)

• The complex interplay of values, institutions, and rewards that contributed to technological innovation in modern Western society.

Institutionalization of Science and Technology

• The evolution of scientific and technological practices into established forms of organization and practice within a society, becoming integral aspects of its culture.

Intensification

• Increased application of increasingly sophisticated technologies to efficiently draw energy and raw materials from the environment.

Time Orientation Toward Work

• A modern cultural perspective on work as a quantified activity performed during fixed periods of time, represented as regular and equal units.

Virus

• The smallest type of organism, often not considered living, as they depend on a host cell (bacteria, plant, or animal) for reproduction.
• Viruses lack independent metabolism and rely on passive carriers for transport.
• They are infectious particles.

Test your knowledge on various cultural concepts and theories including the Cumulative Synthesis Theory of Invention, Deontological Ethical Theories, and the impact of deskilling. This quiz covers essential aspects of culture and ethical frameworks vital for understanding societal dynamics.