CHAPTER 20 - Globalization

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Questions and Answers

What may contribute to Huntington’s thesis becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Belief in technological advancement

Belief in universal peace and collaboration

Belief in democratic participation

Belief in the clash of civilizations (correct)

Which of the following contrasts the two primary cultural clashes of the twenty-first century?

Democratic ideals versus autocratic governance

Secular thought versus traditional customs

Religious faith versus scientific critical thinking (correct)

Creationism versus political conservatism

What is a key difference between capitalism and previous production systems?

Capitalism allows for less technological innovation

Capitalism relies solely on agricultural output

Capitalism leads to constant expansion of production (correct)

Capitalism focuses on fixed production levels

In the United States, where is creationism more likely to be taught in schools?

In politically conservative districts in the South Signup and view all the answers

Which factor drives the technological innovation in modern industries?

Economic competition and research development Signup and view all the answers

What ideal is largely a creation of the past two or three centuries within the context of secular thought?

Self-betterment Signup and view all the answers

How does capitalism differ from traditional production systems in relation to production levels?

Production levels fluctuate based on market demand Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary condition for corporations to stay competitive in a capitalist economy?

Spending on research and development Signup and view all the answers

What has primarily accelerated globalization in previously isolated areas?

Widespread use of Internet and smartphones Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the new social order characterized by interconnected products and information?

Knowledge society Signup and view all the answers

How has the global economy changed according to the content?

It requires networks that cross national boundaries. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does global competition for labor have on consumers?

It results in a wealth of cheaper products. Signup and view all the answers

What operational changes have businesses adopted to remain competitive?

Increased flexibility and less hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the economic shift towards intangible goods?

There is an increase in information-based products. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of the knowledge society?

Integration of entertainment into everyday lives Signup and view all the answers

Which of these industries has seen a shift in labor to countries like China and India?

Software engineering and graphic design Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Japan is currently covered by forests?

75% Signup and view all the answers

How did military strength influence the establishment of traditional states?

Military strength indirectly channeled resources into state development. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major challenge faced by national governments today due to globalization?

More autonomous regional governance structures. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change has occurred in the political landscape according to theorists like William Robinson?

Economic power has become deterritorialized along with political power. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the World Trade Organization (WTO) play in international trade?

It punishes countries that violate principles of free trade. Signup and view all the answers

What has the European Union (EU) accomplished among European countries?

It has established a common currency and governance structure. Signup and view all the answers

What governance challenge may arise in the twenty-first century as globalization continues to increase?

New forms of political organization that are not defined by geography. Signup and view all the answers

What was a consequence of military resource allocation in Iraq under Saddam Hussein?

Impoverishment of the general populace. Signup and view all the answers

What was the volume of service exports in 2016?

$5 trillion Signup and view all the answers

Which region in 2016 faced challenges in benefiting from globalization?

Sub-Saharan Africa Signup and view all the answers

What do many scholars consider essential for economic development and poverty relief?

Free trade Signup and view all the answers

Which organization is mentioned as working to liberalize trade regulations?

WTO Signup and view all the answers

What concern is raised regarding the impact of free trade on employment in advanced economies?

Reduction of job opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are noted for faring well in exports recently?

Chile, India, Poland Signup and view all the answers

What is a suggested potential risk of globalization for poorer countries?

Exacerbation of poverty Signup and view all the answers

What is a common critique of free trade according to various critics?

It leads to dependency and poverty in the global south Signup and view all the answers

What recent global events have served as rallying points for international assistance?

Earthquakes, floods, famine, and hurricanes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is contributing to the revival of local cultural identities?

Increased globalization and communication Signup and view all the answers

What type of nationalism is rising in various regions of the world?

Nationalism based on ethnicity, religion, or culture Signup and view all the answers

In which regions did people increasingly identify themselves by local or regional identities rather than national identities?

Scotland and Kosovo Signup and view all the answers

What has sometimes justified military interventions in conflicts like the Gulf War?

Defending human rights and national sovereignty Signup and view all the answers

What trend is occurring as traditional hold of nation-states transforms?

An increase in regional and global identity formation Signup and view all the answers

What negative consequence is associated with the rise of ethnic or cultural nationalism?

Persecution and violence against non-native individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in the acceleration of social movements supporting environmental causes?

Awareness of scientific consensus on global warming Signup and view all the answers

What political event significantly contributed to the acceleration of globalization in the late 20th century?

The collapse of Soviet-style communism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as part of the former Soviet bloc?

Finland Signup and view all the answers

What role do international organizations like the UN and EU play in globalization?

They provide a common political forum for nation-states. Signup and view all the answers

What challenge has the UN faced in recent years that limits its effectiveness?

Inability to enforce its resolutions without member consent Signup and view all the answers

How do EU member states participate in transnational governance?

They relinquish some national sovereignty to EU institutions. Signup and view all the answers

What has permitted the growth of political changes driving globalization?

The influence of global media and an integrated world economy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the EU as a political entity?

It binds member states to directives and regulations from common EU bodies. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the UN's effectiveness is TRUE?

The UN requires consent from the Security Council to take significant actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a manufactured risk of globalization?

eartquakes Signup and view all the answers

Which thinkers have the motto/view of globalization: globalization is exaggerated, the world is still divided into regions, national governments remained in control

skeptics Signup and view all the answers

Which thinkers have the motto/view of globalization: globalization is reshaping the world, no one is fully in control, we have to cooperate

transformationalists Signup and view all the answers

Which thinkers have the motto/view of globalization: globalization is unstoppable and will lead to a borderless and interconnected world

hyperglobalizers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Globalization in a Changing World

Globalization is influenced by factors including physical environment, political organization, culture, and economics.
Debates exist regarding whether today's globalization is unique or similar to past eras.
Skeptics believe current interconnectedness isn't unprecedented, differing from hyperglobalizers who view it as a new global order, and transformationalists who see it as a complex, evolving process.
India has the largest movie industry, measured by the number of films produced annually (1907 films in 2015).
Nigeria's film industry, sometimes called Nollywood, is second largest with over 1,200 productions.
The US ranks third with 791 films produced in 2015.
China ranked fourth with 686 films in 2015.
Japan ranked fifth with 581 in 2015.
Globalization is a complex interplay of interconnected economic, political, and cultural forces.
Technological advancements, such as the internet and telecommunications, have significantly amplified interactions globally.
There are debates over the role of transnational corporations, political organizations, and cultural influences.
Globalization prompts discussions about potential risks, such as environmental damage, and also societal inequality.
Globalization has increased access to information, entertainment products, and ideas.
Differing interpretations of globalization relate to its impact on national governments and individual identities.

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Description

Explore the intricate relationships between capitalism, cultural clashes, and globalization in this insightful quiz. Delve into the contrasting worldviews shaping the modern era and understand the evolution of production systems. Test your knowledge on how these factors interact in today's society.