Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes ethnocentrism?
Xenocentrism is the belief that one's culture is superior compared to others.
False
What is one example of religious ethnocentrism discussed in the context?
Believing that one's religion is the only true faith and viewing other religions as wrong.
During European colonialism, colonizers often viewed their own culture as _____ and sought to 'civilize' indigenous populations.
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Match the following cultural biases with their descriptions:
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What is the process of blending two distinct cultures through long periods of interaction called?
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Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
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What term describes the cultural borrowing and imitation among societies?
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The deliberate infusion of a new culture to another is referred to as __________.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Causes of Cultural Change
- Cultural change arises from discovering new places, artifacts, or concepts, which can lead to significant innovations like cooking from fire and modern technology from the discovery of oil and energy sources.
- Social inventions include language, government systems, democracy, and religions, whereas material inventions encompass tools and techniques such as the wheel and machinery.
- Acculturation involves cultural borrowing and imitation, as seen in the Filipinos' proficiency in English.
- Assimilation denotes the blending of cultures over time, exemplified by Filipino immigrants adopting American cultural traits.
- Amalgamation refers to the biological fusion of different cultural memberships, such as marriages between Filipinos and Americans.
- Enculturation is the active introduction of new cultural elements, evidenced by American historical education imposed on Filipinos during colonization.
- Colonialism represents domination over another culture, illustrated by the Hispanization of Filipino culture by Spaniards.
Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism, and Cultural Relativism
- Ethnocentrism is judging other cultures based solely on one's cultural standards, often believing one's culture is superior, leading to negative stereotypes and colonial attitudes.
- Common examples of ethnocentrism include viewing indigenous cultures as inferior during colonization, promoting language superiority, and making assumptions about the traits of different cultural groups.
- Xenocentrism is the belief that one's culture is inferior compared to others, often resulting from globalization and external cultural influences.
- Cultural relativism encourages viewing and evaluating cultures based on their own contexts, leading to greater tolerance and appreciation.
Advantages of Cultural Relativism
- Promotes cooperation among diverse cultural groups by fostering understanding and bonds.
- Encourages respect and equality by validating different cultural practices and experiences.
- Helps to preserve a variety of human cultures through mutual respect.
Cultural Terms
- Cultural diversity emphasizes the existence of various cultures, with no absolute right or wrong but contextually appropriate practices.
- Sub-culture refers to smaller groups with distinct practices within a larger culture, such as taho vendors or vlogging communities.
- Counterculture opposes mainstream cultural norms, evident in the youth movements of the 1960s with their unique styles and ideologies.
Culture Shock
- Foreigners may experience culture shock when encountering different cultural practices, such as "Filipino Time" or unique food customs involving communal eating or exotic dishes.
Ideal vs. Real Culture
- Ideal culture represents societal values and norms, such as community cooperation (bayanihan) or honesty, while real culture shows how people often behave, revealing discrepancies, such as environmental care versus littering.
High Culture and Popular Culture
- High culture includes elite cultural practices like opera performances and fine art exhibitions, often associated with aristocratic or educated classes.
- Popular culture encompasses widespread cultural expressions, such as mainstream music and fast food dining, reflecting the everyday lifestyle of the general population.
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Description
Explore the dynamic process of cultural change and the innovative discoveries that have shaped human history. This quiz delves into how new ideas and technologies, like the discovery of fire and oil, have transformed societies. Test your understanding of the role of creativity in cultural evolution.
