NURS 3210 CH 4 PPT
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the context of new drug development?

To protect patients and ensure drug effectiveness.

Which antihypertensive medication is most effective for African Americans?

Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker.

What is the primary goal of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

To maintain privacy regarding protected health information.

What is an important consideration during cultural assessment in healthcare?

<p>The need for an interpreter, if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the FDA drug approval process?

<p>Ensuring drug effectiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a significant obstacle in healthcare, and how can it be addressed?

<p>Language barriers; addressing it by identifying the need for an interpreter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare providers consider when prescribing antihypertensive medication to African Americans?

<p>That African Americans respond less effectively to beta blockers and single-drug therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential aspect of new drug development?

<p>Ensuring drug safety and efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was established in 1994 to regulate dietary supplements?

<p>Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of preclinical testing in new drug development?

<p>To evaluate the drug's safety and efficacy before human trials</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of informed consent in clinical studies?

<p>To ensure participants understand the risks and benefits of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a black box warning in the FDA drug approval process?

<p>To alert healthcare professionals and patients of serious risks associated with a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Phase I clinical trials in the FDA drug approval process?

<p>To assess the safety and tolerability of a new drug in a small group of healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of HIPAA compliance in healthcare?

<p>To protect patient privacy and ensure confidentiality of health information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an adverse drug reaction (ADR) in the context of new drug development?

<p>An unintended and unwanted effect of a drug that occurs at normal doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine established in 1998?

<p>To research and evaluate the safety and efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predicted percentage of Americans that will belong to a minority group by the year 2044, and what are the implications of this demographic shift on healthcare provision?

<p>More than half; healthcare providers need to consider cultural factors in patient care, such as language barriers, health beliefs, and pharmacogenomics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of ethnopharmacology in drug development, and how does it impact patient outcomes in different racial or ethnic groups?

<p>Ethnopharmacology is the study of how cultural factors affect drug response, and it helps clinicians understand varying drug responses in different racial or ethnic groups, leading to more effective patient care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some cultural considerations that healthcare providers should take into account when prescribing antihypertensive medication, and why are they important?

<p>Healthcare providers should consider language barriers, health beliefs, and pharmacogenomics when prescribing antihypertensive medication to ensure effective treatment and adherence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the FDA in ensuring the safety and efficacy of new drugs, and what are the implications of HIPAA compliance in clinical trials?

<p>The FDA ensures the safety and efficacy of new drugs through a rigorous approval process, and HIPAA compliance is essential in protecting patient data during clinical trials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some environmental and economic considerations that healthcare providers should consider when prescribing medication, and why are they important?

<p>Healthcare providers should consider factors such as access to healthcare, poverty, and environmental factors that may impact patient adherence and health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics contribute to adverse drug reactions, and what are the implications for patient care?

<p>Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are critical in understanding how drugs interact with the body, and their imbalance can lead to adverse drug reactions, which can be life-threatening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine, and how does it impact patient outcomes?

<p>Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic traits affect drug response, and it enables personalized medicine, leading to more effective treatment and improved patient outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some barriers to adequate healthcare for culturally diverse patient populations, and how can healthcare providers address these barriers?

<p>Barriers include language barriers, poverty, and limited access to healthcare, and healthcare providers can address these barriers through cultural sensitivity, language training, and community outreach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first element of liability for nursing malpractice, and what is its significance in a healthcare setting?

<p>The first element of liability for nursing malpractice is duty, which refers to the nurse's responsibility to provide a certain level of care to the patient. This element is significant in a healthcare setting because it establishes the nurse's obligation to the patient and sets the standard for their performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ethical consideration for a nurse who is asked to participate in an elective procedure that violates their personal ethical principles?

<p>The primary ethical consideration for a nurse in this situation is to refuse to participate without deserting the patient and to discuss the matter with their manager or supervisor to find an alternative solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between breach of duty and causation in a nursing malpractice case?

<p>Breach of duty refers to the nurse's failure to provide the required level of care, and causation refers to the resulting harm or injury to the patient. In a malpractice case, it must be proven that the breach of duty caused the harm or injury to the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses influence a nurse's decision-making in a healthcare setting?

<p>The ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses provides a framework for nurses to make ethical decisions, prioritizing the patient's well-being and respecting their autonomy and dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses in global healthcare?

<p>The International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses provides a universal framework for nurses to practice ethically, regardless of their location or cultural context, promoting respect for human rights and dignity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might a nurse consider using a placebo, and what are the ethical implications of this decision?

<p>A nurse might consider using a placebo in a clinical trial or research study, but this decision raises ethical concerns about informed consent and deception.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nurse in ensuring HIPAA compliance in a healthcare setting?

<p>The nurse plays a crucial role in ensuring HIPAA compliance by maintaining confidentiality, securing patient health information, and following established protocols for data sharing and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of identifying adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the context of new drug development?

<p>Identifying adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial in the context of new drug development because it helps to ensure the safety and efficacy of the drug, and informs the development of prescribing guidelines and patient education.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Nurse Practice Acts in terms of drug therapy and nursing practice?

<p>Scope of nursing practice, expanded nursing roles, educational requirements, standards of care, and minimally safe nursing practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of guidelines from professional nursing groups, such as the American Nurses Association (ANA), in relation to drug therapy and nursing practice?

<p>To establish standards of care and provide guidance on best practices in nursing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of institutional policies and procedures in relation to drug therapy and nursing practice?

<p>To ensure compliance with state and federal regulations and maintain high standards of care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical principle is involved when a nurse fails to notice a patient's IV site is swollen, red, painful, and warm to touch, and the IV has quit infusing properly?

<p>Breach of duty</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of HIPAA in relation to drug therapy and nursing practice?

<p>Protecting patient confidentiality and privacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of autonomy in ethical decision-making in nursing practice?

<p>Respecting patients' rights to make informed decisions about their care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of standards of care in relation to drug therapy and nursing practice?

<p>To ensure high-quality, safe, and effective patient care</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of veracity in ethical decision-making in nursing practice?

<p>Honesty and truthfulness in communication with patients and colleagues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Assessment

  • Languages spoken and the need for an interpreter
  • Health beliefs and practices
  • Past uses of medicine
  • Herbal treatments, folk remedies, and home remedies
  • Use of over-the-counter drugs
  • Usual response to illness
  • Responsiveness to medical treatment
  • Religious practices and beliefs
  • Support from the patient's cultural community
  • Dietary habits

African Americans and Antihypertensive Medication

  • African Americans respond less effectively to beta blockers
  • African Americans respond best to calcium channel blockers, especially diltiazem
  • African Americans respond less effectively to single-drug therapy
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  • Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA)
  • Individual state laws

HIPAA

  • Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
  • Maintains privacy regarding protected health information
  • Established in 1996

New Drug Development

  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA): primary purpose is to protect patients and ensure drug effectiveness
  • Expedited drug approval process
  • U.S. FDA drug approval process
    • Preclinical testing
    • Clinical studies
    • Investigational drug studies
    • Expedited drug approval
  • State and federal legislation
  • Nurse practice acts
    • Scope of nursing practice
    • Expanded nursing roles
    • Educational requirements
    • Standards of care
    • Minimally safe nursing practice
    • Differences between nursing and medical practice
  • Guidelines from professional nursing groups
  • American Nurses Association (ANA)
  • Institutional policies and procedures
  • State and federal hospital licensing
  • Specific Nurse Practice Acts
  • Standards of Practice
  • HIPAA
  • Autonomy
  • Beneficence
  • Confidentiality
  • Justice
  • Nonmaleficence
  • Veracity

Ethical Considerations

  • ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses
  • International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics for Nurses
  • Use of placebos
  • Breach of duty
  • Duty
  • Causation
  • Damage

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Chapter_004.pptx

Description

Assess a patient's cultural background to understand their health beliefs, practices, and values. This quiz covers cultural assessment in healthcare, including language, health beliefs, and cultural influences on health practices.

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