Cuban Confrontations: The Cold War Era

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Questions and Answers

What significant agreement did Khrushchev and Kennedy come to after the Cuban missile crisis?

  • The US would invade Cuba.
  • Both nations would increase their nuclear arsenals.
  • The US would increase military presence in Turkey.
  • Khrushchev would withdraw missiles from Cuba. (correct)

Which major communication system was established as a result of the Cuban missile crisis?

  • A Moscow-Washington 'hot line.' (correct)
  • An international crisis negotiation treaty.
  • A NATO command center in Europe.
  • A direct satellite link between NATO and the Soviet Union.

What was the main focus of Kennedy's speech at American University in June 1963?

  • To urge nuclear disarmament from all nations.
  • To call for an immediate end to the Cold War.
  • To promote a military build-up against the Soviet Union.
  • To advocate for a view of peaceful coexistence with the Soviet Union. (correct)

What term describes the policy that emerged from efforts for relaxation of tensions between the US and the Soviet Union?

<p>Détente. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the outcomes of the Cuban missile crisis for Kennedy?

<p>He pushed for a nuclear test-ban treaty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Khrushchev after the Cuban missile crisis?

<p>He was removed from power. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did the U.S. take concerning its own missiles following the Cuban missile crisis?

<p>They removed missiles from Turkey. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What caused hard-liners in Moscow to react aggressively after the crisis?

<p>Their humiliation in the nuclear face-off. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of Kennedy's Alliance for Progress?

<p>To quiet communist agitation in Latin America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?

<p>It cemented Castro's ties with the Soviet Union. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What strategic decision did Kennedy make regarding the Cuban missile crisis?

<p>Implement a naval quarantine of Cuba (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Cuban missile crisis, what did Kennedy threaten in response to an attack from Cuba?

<p>Nuclear retaliation against the Soviet Union (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method did the U.S. use to attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro's regime before the Bay of Pigs invasion?

<p>Training and arming Cuban exiles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the consequences of the Bay of Pigs invasion for the United States?

<p>It caused public embarrassment for Kennedy's administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of support did the U.S. provide to Cuban exiles during the Bay of Pigs invasion?

<p>Arming and training for the invasion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event heightened tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union prior to the Cuban missile crisis?

<p>The failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cuban Missile Crisis

A tense standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962, sparked by the Soviet Union attempting to install nuclear missiles in Cuba.

Cuban Missile Crisis Resolution

The agreement reached between the US and USSR to end the Cuban Missile Crisis, involving the Soviets removing their missiles from Cuba and the US lifting the quarantine.

Détente

The gradual easing of strained relations between the US and USSR, beginning in the mid-1960s after the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Moscow-Washington 'Hot Line'

A direct communication link established between Moscow and Washington in 1963, designed for rapid communication during crises.

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Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

A treaty signed in 1963 that prohibited nuclear testing in the atmosphere, a key step towards nuclear non-proliferation.

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Peaceful Coexistence

A policy of peaceful coexistence between nations, especially the US and USSR during the Cold War, aiming to reduce tensions and avoid conflict.

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Kennedy's Shift in Policy

A shift in US policy towards the Soviet Union, moving away from viewing them as enemies and towards a more pragmatic and realistic approach.

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Fallout from the Cuban Missile Crisis

The negative consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis, including Khrushchev's downfall, increased military spending by the Soviet Union, and a heightened sense of urgency to avoid nuclear war.

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Colossus of the North

The United States' policy of viewing Latin America as its sphere of influence, leading to fear and resentment from its southern neighbors.

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Alliance for Progress

A plan by the US to provide economic aid to Latin America to counter communist influence, but it had limited success.

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Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed CIA-backed invasion of Cuba in 1961, intended to overthrow Fidel Castro by using trained Cuban exiles. The mission was a public relations disaster for the United States.

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Nuclear Chicken

The Cuban Missile Crisis, a tense standoff between the US and the Soviet Union in 1962, when Soviet nuclear missiles were discovered in Cuba. It nearly resulted in nuclear war.

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Missile Deployment

The Soviet Union's placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba, which triggered a major international crisis between the US and the USSR.

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Naval Quarantine

US President John F. Kennedy's decision to impose a naval blockade of Cuba, demanding the removal of the Soviet missiles.

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Nuclear Retaliation

A warning by President Kennedy to the Soviet Union that any attack on the US from Cuba would result in nuclear retaliation.

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Anxious Week

A week of high tension and fear during the Cuban Missile Crisis, as the world waited to see if a nuclear war was imminent.

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Study Notes

Cuban Confrontations

  • The US viewed Latin America as its "backyard," but southern neighbors feared US power.
  • Kennedy's Alliance for Progress aimed to improve Latin America, but had limited success.
  • Kennedy's administration used covert tactics against Castro, including the Bay of Pigs invasion, a failed CIA-backed attempt to overthrow Castro.
  • The Bay of Pigs failure and US assassination attempts pushed Castro closer to the Soviets.
  • In 1962, Soviet nuclear missiles were secretly installed in Cuba, just 90 miles from Florida.
  • The Cuban Missile Crisis: A tense standoff between the US and the Soviet Union.
  • Kennedy rejected air strikes and opted for a naval blockade of Cuba.
  • Khrushchev faced pressure to remove the missiles.
  • The world teetered on the brink of nuclear war.
  • Soviets ultimately agreed to remove missiles, and US agreed to withdraw some missiles from Turkey.
  • The crisis resulted in a dangerous confrontation, and the development of a "hotline" for direct communication.
  • Post-crisis, Kennedy advocated for peaceful coexistence with the Soviet Union. This was the beginning of "detente".

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