Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM)?
What is the primary purpose of Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM)?
- To identify intrapartum hypoxia (correct)
- To monitor maternal heart rate
- To assess fetal weight
- To increase rates of cesarean section
In which situation should intermittent auscultation be performed during labor?
In which situation should intermittent auscultation be performed during labor?
- Only in high-risk pregnancies
- During the second stage of labor only
- In all pregnancies regardless of risk
- In low-risk women during established first stage of labor (correct)
Which of the following is NOT considered a high-risk condition that requires continuous fetal heart monitoring?
Which of the following is NOT considered a high-risk condition that requires continuous fetal heart monitoring?
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Gestational diabetes
- Hypertension
- Low maternal age (correct)
What is the recommended frequency for palpating the maternal pulse during labor?
What is the recommended frequency for palpating the maternal pulse during labor?
Which of the following is an indication for using continuous fetal heart monitoring?
Which of the following is an indication for using continuous fetal heart monitoring?
Why should Electronic Fetal Monitoring not be used indiscriminately?
Why should Electronic Fetal Monitoring not be used indiscriminately?
Which maternal pulse rate indicates the need for continuous cardiotocography?
Which maternal pulse rate indicates the need for continuous cardiotocography?
What temperature reading triggers continuous cardiotocography?
What temperature reading triggers continuous cardiotocography?
What does a reading of 2+ protein on urinalysis indicate in conjunction with elevated blood pressure?
What does a reading of 2+ protein on urinalysis indicate in conjunction with elevated blood pressure?
What characterizes a 'suspicious' cardiotocography trace?
What characterizes a 'suspicious' cardiotocography trace?
Which of the following conditions would not require continuous cardiotocography?
Which of the following conditions would not require continuous cardiotocography?
What is an appropriate management step if cardiotocography is 'suspicious'?
What is an appropriate management step if cardiotocography is 'suspicious'?
How long can a continuous cardiotocography monitor be removed if no non-reassuring features are present?
How long can a continuous cardiotocography monitor be removed if no non-reassuring features are present?
What indicates that fetal acidosis is unlikely in a suspicious cardiotocography trace?
What indicates that fetal acidosis is unlikely in a suspicious cardiotocography trace?
What is the primary purpose of cardiotocography (CTG)?
What is the primary purpose of cardiotocography (CTG)?
What is monitored using a tocodynamometer (toco)?
What is monitored using a tocodynamometer (toco)?
Which condition must be met for internal cardiotocography to be performed?
Which condition must be met for internal cardiotocography to be performed?
What is the normal baseline fetal heart rate range?
What is the normal baseline fetal heart rate range?
How is fetal heart rate monitored during external cardiotocography?
How is fetal heart rate monitored during external cardiotocography?
What does the presence of accelerations in a CTG indicate?
What does the presence of accelerations in a CTG indicate?
How should the number of contractions be recorded on a CTG chart?
How should the number of contractions be recorded on a CTG chart?
What does a baseline FHR variability indicate?
What does a baseline FHR variability indicate?
What is defined as fetal tachycardia?
What is defined as fetal tachycardia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of fetal tachycardia?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of fetal tachycardia?
What is the typical range of normal variability in fetal heart rate?
What is the typical range of normal variability in fetal heart rate?
Which condition can lead to decreased fetal heart rate variability?
Which condition can lead to decreased fetal heart rate variability?
What characteristic is NOT associated with concerning variable decelerations?
What characteristic is NOT associated with concerning variable decelerations?
What defines late decelerations in fetal heart rate monitoring?
What defines late decelerations in fetal heart rate monitoring?
What is a potential cause of fetal bradycardia?
What is a potential cause of fetal bradycardia?
Which drug is associated with decreased fetal heart rate variability?
Which drug is associated with decreased fetal heart rate variability?
Flashcards
Cardiotocography (CTG)
Cardiotocography (CTG)
Continuous electronic recording of fetal heart rate using transducers on the mother's abdomen.
External CTG
External CTG
Monitoring FHR and uterine activity using external transducers.
Internal CTG
Internal CTG
Direct FHR monitoring via a sensor on the fetal scalp.
Normal Baseline FHR
Normal Baseline FHR
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FHR Variability
FHR Variability
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Contraction Frequency
Contraction Frequency
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Fetal Tachycardia
Fetal Tachycardia
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Fetal Bradycardia
Fetal Bradycardia
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Normal FHR Variability
Normal FHR Variability
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Variable Decelerations
Variable Decelerations
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Late Decelerations
Late Decelerations
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Risk Factors for Continuous FHM
Risk Factors for Continuous FHM
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Conditions for Continuous CTG
Conditions for Continuous CTG
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Normal CTG Trace
Normal CTG Trace
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Suspicious CTG Trace
Suspicious CTG Trace
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Pathological CTG Trace
Pathological CTG Trace
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Management of Normal CTG
Management of Normal CTG
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Management of Suspicious CTG
Management of Suspicious CTG
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Fetal Heart Rate Accelerations
Fetal Heart Rate Accelerations
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Reduced FHR Variability
Reduced FHR Variability
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Study Notes
Cardiotocography (CTG)
- Cardiotocography provides continuous electronic recording of fetal heart rate (FHR) through transducers on the mother’s abdomen.
- Also known as electronic fetal monitoring, it assesses fetal well-being during labor.
External Cardiotocography
- Involves continuous or intermittent monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine activity.
- Utilizes two transducers: one over the fetal heart and one at the uterine fundus for monitoring contractions (via a tocodynamometer).
Internal Cardiotocography
- Requires direct connection to the fetal scalp through the cervical opening.
- Conditions for use include ruptured membranes, a cervix dilated to 2 cm, and a cephalic fetal presentation.
Key Components of CTG Interpretation
- Baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) should be 110-160 beats/minute.
- Variability of the baseline FHR usually ranges from 5 to 25 beats/minute.
- Presence of accelerations and decelerations informs about fetal condition.
- Monitoring uterine contractions is crucial for understanding labor progress.
Contractions Assessment
- Count number of contractions in a 10-minute interval, represented as peaks on CTG.
Fetal Heart Rate Characteristics
- Fetal tachycardia: Baseline FHR over 160 beats/minute, potentially caused by maternal fever, chorioamnionitis, or fetal sepsis.
- Fetal bradycardia: Sustained FHR less than 110 beats/minute.
Fetal Heart Rate Variability
- Normal variability indicates a well-oxygenated fetus; decreased variability may suggest fetal distress or conditions like fetal acidosis.
Decelerations
- Variable Decelerations: Sudden drops in FHR, often related to cord compression, concerning if last more than 60 seconds or show reduced baseline variability.
- Late Decelerations: Gradual decrease in FHR occurring after contraction, indicating possible uteroplacental insufficiency.
Risk Factors Requiring Continuous FHM
- High-risk pregnancies due to maternal medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), obstetric complications (e.g., multiple gestation), or events like severe hypertension or significant meconium presence.
Continuous CTG Monitoring Conditions
- Maternal pulse over 120 beats/minute or elevated temperature can indicate the need for continuous monitoring.
CTG Trace Categorization
- Normal: All reassuring features present.
- Suspicious: One non-reassuring feature with two reassuring features.
- Pathological: One abnormal feature or two non-reassuring features.
Management Based on CTG Interpretation
- If CTG is normal: Maintain monitoring or discontinue if there are no concerning features after 20 minutes.
- If suspicious: Implement conservative measures (e.g., left lateral position, fluid administration, consider tocolysis).
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Description
Test your knowledge on Cardiotocography (CTG) interpretation with this quiz. Discover the key concepts of fetal heart rate monitoring and the methods used for effective assessment. Perfect for medical students and professionals interested in obstetrics.
