Week 3 Topic 2: CSS

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of CSS?

  • To handle server-side logic and database interactions.
  • To manage client-side scripting and animations.
  • To style and format HTML documents. (correct)
  • To define the structure and content of a webpage.

Which CSS selector targets all elements with class="intro"?

  • intro
  • .intro (correct)
  • *intro
  • #intro

Which of the following is NOT a type of CSS?

  • External
  • Universal (correct)
  • Internal
  • Inline

In CSS, which symbol is used to denote a comment?

<p>/* */ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property is used to set the text color of an element?

<p>color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property is used to specify the background color of an element?

<p>background-color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property controls the font of an element?

<p>font-family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the CSS box model, what is the area between the content and the border called?

<p>Padding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property is used to add space outside the border of an element?

<p>Margin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property controls the style of the marker in an unordered list?

<p>list-style (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of setting overflow: hidden on a CSS element?

<p>It clips the content that overflows. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If both an external stylesheet and an inline style define the color of a paragraph, which style will be applied?

<p>The inline style. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the em unit represent in CSS?

<p>The font size of the parent element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct way to link an external CSS file named styles.css located in a folder named css?

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/styles.css"> (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of CSS reset stylesheets?

<p>To remove browser-specific default styles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following CSS, what color will the text of the <h1> element be?

<p>Green (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the CSS property display: inline do to an element?

<p>It makes the element flow along with other content, only taking up as much width as necessary. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to apply a style only to <a> tags inside a <nav> element, which CSS selector would you use?

<p>nav a (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following CSS, what will be the final top margin of the <p> element?

<p>20px (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following border-style values is used to create a border that looks like two single borders?

<p>double (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the !important rule in CSS?

<p>It ensures that a style is always applied, overriding all other styles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering CSS precedence, which of the following has the highest priority?

<p>Inline style with <code>!important</code> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you target every paragraph element that is the direct child of a div element with the class container?

<p>.container &gt; p (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the HTML structure and the following CSS, what will be the color of the link?

<p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between using em and rem units in CSS?

<p><code>rem</code> units are relative to the font size of the root element, while <code>em</code> units are relative to the font size of the parent element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the all: unset CSS property do?

<p>It resets all CSS properties to their inherited value if they inherit from their parent element or to their initial value if not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In CSS, what is the difference between the visibility: hidden and display: none properties?

<p><code>visibility: hidden</code> makes an element invisible but it still takes up space in the layout, while <code>display: none</code> removes the element from the layout entirely. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the following CSS and HTML, what will be the final calculated font size of the paragraph text?

<p>23.04px (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You're tasked with ensuring that a specific image within a webpage is always printed, even if the user has specified not to print background images in their browser settings. How can you achieve this using CSS?

<p>Embed the image using an <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tag and apply <code>print-color-adjust: exact;</code> to the image. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the concept and application of 'CSS Modules'?

<p>CSS Modules automatically generate unique class names for CSS classes, scoping them locally to the component in which they are used, thereby avoiding naming collisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the z-index property in CSS?

<p>To specify the stacking order of positioned elements that overlap each other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the position: sticky property do?

<p>It positions an element as relative until a specified threshold is met, at which point it becomes fixed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties is used to create a responsive layout that adapts to different screen sizes?

<p>Media queries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property is used to enable flexible box layout in CSS?

<p>display: flex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the order property in CSS Flexbox?

<p>To change the default order in which flex items appear in the container. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CSS property is used to control the spacing between lines of text?

<p>line-height (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the transform property in CSS?

<p>To apply 2D or 3D transformations to an element. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CSS clip-path property?

<p>To create complex shapes by clipping an element to a specific region. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pseudo-classes is used to style an element when a user is hovering over it?

<p>:hover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is CSS?

A programming language used for the look and formatting of a webpage. It works by selecting HTML elements and applying styling properties and values.

What are CSS selectors?

Used to communicate which HTML elements to style in CSS. Examples include .class, #id, element, and *.

What is inline CSS?

CSS applied directly within an HTML tag using the style attribute.

What is internal CSS?

CSS placed inside a tag within the section of an HTML document.

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What is external CSS?

CSS written in a separate .css file, linked to the HTML document using the tag.

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What are CSS comments?

Text within a CSS file that is ignored by the browser, used for documentation or disabling styles.

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What is the color property in CSS?

Specifies the color of text. Can be defined using HTML color names, hex values, or RGB values.

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What is the background-color property?

Determines the background color of an element.

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What is the background-image property?

Specifies an image to be used as the background of an element.

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What is the background property?

A shorthand property to set all background properties (color, image, repeat, position) in one declaration.

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What is the font-family property?

Specifies the font for an element.

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What is the font-size property?

Sets the size of the font.

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What is the font-weight property?

Sets how thick or thin characters in text should be displayed.

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What is the CSS box model?

A box that wraps around every HTML element consisting of content, padding, border, and margin.

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What is padding in the CSS box model?

Clears an area around the content inside a border; it is transparent.

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What is a border in the CSS box model?

A border that goes around the padding and content.

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What is margin in the CSS box model?

Clears an area outside the border; it is transparent.

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What are CSS list properties?

CSS properties that allow you to set different list item markers, images as markers, and background colors.

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What are CSS table properties?

CSS properties used to set table borders, width, height, and text alignment.

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What is a block element?

An element that takes up the whole line, like <div> or <h1>.

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What is an inline element?

An element that only takes up as much space as its content, like <span>.

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What is the overflow property?

Specifies whether to clip content or add scrollbars when content is too big to fit an area.

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What are compound selectors?

Used to target specific elements without using a class or ID, like targeting all `` tags inside a navbar.

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What is CSS precedence?

Rules that determine which CSS properties are applied when multiple conflicting styles exist.

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What are the rules of CSS precedence?

Inline styles override internal and external styles; internal styles override external styles. !important overrides all.

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What are CSS units?

Ways to specify distances in CSS, including pixels (px), percent (%), and em (em).

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What is the em unit in CSS?

A unit based on the size of the letter 'M', useful for scaling text size and responsive design.

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Study Notes

CSS Basics

  • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a programming language used to style HTML documents.
  • It controls the look and formatting of a webpage by selecting HTML elements and applying styling properties.
  • CSS separates content from presentation, uses selectors to target elements, and applies styles through properties and values.
  • Styles cascade based on a hierarchy that determines precedence.
  • CSS can be embedded in HTML, linked externally, or applied inline.

CSS Selectors

  • Selectors are used to communicate which HTML elements to style
  • .class selects all elements with class="intro"
  • #id selects the element with id="firstname"
  • * selects all elements
  • element selects all specified HTML elements (e.g., p selects all `` elements)
  • element, element selects all specified HTML elements (e.g. div, p selects all elements and all elements)
  • #id must be unique on a webpage, while multiple elements can share the same class name.

CSS Types

  • There are three types of CSS: inline, internal, and external.

Inline CSS

  • Uses the style attribute directly within an HTML tag.
  • Example: <h1 style="color: red;">Hello World!</h1>
  • Selectors are not required

Internal CSS

  • Uses a style tag within the <head> section of an HTML document.

External CSS

  • Resides in a separate .css file.
  • Linked to the HTML document using the <link> tag in the <head> section, specifying the file path with the href attribute.
  • The rel attribute of the <link> tag defines the relationship to the document as "stylesheet".
  • The type attribute identifies the content as "text/css".

CSS Comments

  • A CSS comment is a piece of text within a CSS file that is not interpreted as code by the browser
  • Comments add notes or explanations to the CSS code for developers or temporarily disable certain styles without removing them entirely.
  • A CSS comment starts with /* and ends with */.

Applying Styles

Text Color

  • The color property specifies the text color.
  • Color values can be defined using HTML color names (e.g., red), hex values (e.g., #00ff00), or RGB values (e.g., rgb(0, 0, 255)).

Backgrounds

  • background-color sets the background color of an element.
  • background-image sets an image as the background.
  • By default, the background image repeats to cover the entire element.
  • The background shorthand property sets multiple background properties in one declaration: background: lightblue url("img_tree.png") no-repeat left top;

Font

  • font-family specifies the font for an element, with a fallback system of multiple font names.
  • Example: font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Times New Roman;
  • font-size sets the size of the font (e.g., small, large, 12pt, 20px).
  • font-weight sets the thickness of the font (e.g., normal, bold, lighter).

Formatting

  • CSS dictates formatting by controlling margins, borders, padding, overflow, and table layouts.

Box Model

  • HTML elements are treated as boxes with content, padding, border, and margin.
  • Content: The actual text and images.
  • Padding: Space around the content (transparent).
  • Border: A line around the padding and content.
  • Margin: Space outside the border (transparent).

CSS Lists

  • CSS list properties modify list item markers, use images as markers, and add background colors.
  • list-style-type sets the marker style for unordered lists (e.g., disk, circle, square) and ordered lists (e.g., letters, Roman numerals).
  • list-style-image sets an image as the list item marker

Tables

  • CSS styles HTML tables by setting borders, width, and text alignment.
  • border-style sets the border style (e.g., solid, dotted, dashed, double).
  • border-width sets the border width (e.g., 2px).
  • width and height define the table's width and height.
  • text-align sets the horizontal alignment of text within <th> or <td> elements (e.g., left, center).

Display: Block vs Inline

  • Block elements (e.g., div, h1) take up the whole line.
  • Inline elements (e.g., span) only take up as much space as their content; width and height cannot be specified.

CSS Overflow

  • The overflow property specifies how to handle content that is too big to fit an element's area.
    • visible: Content renders outside the element's box.
    • hidden: Content is clipped and invisible.
    • scroll: Scrollbars are added.
    • auto: Scrollbars are added only when necessary

Compound Selectors

  • Compound selectors target specific elements without using classes or IDs.
  • For example, a { color: red; } matches all tags, while `#navbar a { color: green; }` matches all tags inside an element with id="navbar".

CSS Precedence

  • Determines which conflicting CSS properties are applied.
    • Inline styles override internal and external styles.
    • Internal styles override external styles.
    • Properties with !important override all others.

CSS Units

  • Used to specify distances.
    • Pixels (px): Number of on-screen pixels (e.g., width: 300px).
    • Percent (%): Percentage of the parent element's size (e.g., width: 50%).
    • Em (em): Based on the size of the letter M; allows for scaling text size.
  • Browsers have built-in user agent style sheets that provide default styling.
  • CSS resets are designed to remove user agent CSS to improve consistency across browsers.

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