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Questions and Answers
What is the main benefit of using an external style sheet?
What is the main benefit of using an external style sheet?
What is the purpose of the <link>
element in HTML when working with external style sheets?
What is the purpose of the <link>
element in HTML when working with external style sheets?
Which of the following is NOT a type of style sheet mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a type of style sheet mentioned in the text?
How can a user customize the way they view web pages using a browser?
How can a user customize the way they view web pages using a browser?
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What is the role of a browser's default style sheet?
What is the role of a browser's default style sheet?
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Which of the following addresses is provided in the text for viewing the browser style sheet for Firefox?
Which of the following addresses is provided in the text for viewing the browser style sheet for Firefox?
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Where can the browser style sheet for browsers using WebKit be found?
Where can the browser style sheet for browsers using WebKit be found?
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What is the primary advantage of using rem units in CSS?
What is the primary advantage of using rem units in CSS?
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Which unit of measure is NOT considered a relative unit?
Which unit of measure is NOT considered a relative unit?
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What is the recommended practice regarding absolute units in CSS?
What is the recommended practice regarding absolute units in CSS?
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Which of the following is an absolute unit of measure used in CSS?
Which of the following is an absolute unit of measure used in CSS?
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What do vw and vh units represent in CSS?
What do vw and vh units represent in CSS?
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What is the primary function of CSS selectors?
What is the primary function of CSS selectors?
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Which of the following is an example of a pseudo-class selector?
Which of the following is an example of a pseudo-class selector?
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What does the Document Object Model (DOM) represent?
What does the Document Object Model (DOM) represent?
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In CSS, what does the term 'selector' refer to?
In CSS, what does the term 'selector' refer to?
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What is a distinguishing feature of modern CSS selector types compared to older methods?
What is a distinguishing feature of modern CSS selector types compared to older methods?
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Which of the following statements correctly identifies a contextual selector?
Which of the following statements correctly identifies a contextual selector?
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What is the role of selectors when providing instructions to students?
What is the role of selectors when providing instructions to students?
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How can selectors be used to improve communication with students?
How can selectors be used to improve communication with students?
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What visual analogy is used to describe the structure represented by the DOM?
What visual analogy is used to describe the structure represented by the DOM?
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What are the three different types of style sheets mentioned?
What are the three different types of style sheets mentioned?
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What does the term 'inheritance' refer to in the context of CSS styles?
What does the term 'inheritance' refer to in the context of CSS styles?
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What is one limitation of modifying markup when working with CSS selectors?
What is one limitation of modifying markup when working with CSS selectors?
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What is the purpose of the browser's DevTools?
What is the purpose of the browser's DevTools?
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What happens when different style rules conflict in CSS?
What happens when different style rules conflict in CSS?
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Which option describes what a box model represents in CSS?
Which option describes what a box model represents in CSS?
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Why is it important to understand how other authors construct their pages?
Why is it important to understand how other authors construct their pages?
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What is an author-created style in CSS?
What is an author-created style in CSS?
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Which statement about CSS styles is inaccurate?
Which statement about CSS styles is inaccurate?
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Flashcards
em
em
A relative unit of measure based on the font size of the parent element. This unit is convenient for setting relative sizes.
rem
rem
A relative unit of measure based on the font size of the root element. This unit is useful for maintaining consistent font sizes throughout the document.
vw, vh
vw, vh
A relative unit of measure based on the width (vw) or height (vh) of the browser's viewport. This unit lets elements scale responsively with the window’s resizing.
ch
ch
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ex
ex
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External Style Sheet
External Style Sheet
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link Element
link Element
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Author-Created Style Sheets
Author-Created Style Sheets
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User Style Sheets
User Style Sheets
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Browser Style Sheets
Browser Style Sheets
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CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
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Selector
Selector
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Attribute Selectors
Attribute Selectors
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Pseudo-Class Selectors
Pseudo-Class Selectors
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Contextual Selectors
Contextual Selectors
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CSS Selectors
CSS Selectors
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Document Object Model (DOM)
Document Object Model (DOM)
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Selecting HTML Elements
Selecting HTML Elements
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Selecting via Attributes
Selecting via Attributes
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Selecting by Context
Selecting by Context
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Selecting by State
Selecting by State
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Browser DevTools
Browser DevTools
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CSS Cascade
CSS Cascade
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Browser Default Stylesheet
Browser Default Stylesheet
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User-defined Stylesheet
User-defined Stylesheet
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Styles Inspector
Styles Inspector
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Box Model Visualizer
Box Model Visualizer
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Elements Panel
Elements Panel
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Styles Panel
Styles Panel
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Study Notes
CSS 1: Selectors and Basic Styling
- Rationale for CSS: CSS is a W3C standard used to control the visual presentation of HTML elements. It separates content (HTML) from presentation (CSS), making websites more maintainable.
- CSS Syntax:
- A rule consists of a selector followed by a declaration block.
- Selectors are patterns used to identify specific HTML elements.
- The declaration block contains property-value pairs (e.g., color: red).
- Each declaration ends with a semicolon.
- CSS Location:
- Inline styles: Style rules placed within an HTML element's
style
attribute. Less maintainable. - Embedded styles: Style rules placed within the HTML document's
<head>
section within a<style>
tag. More maintainable than inline. - External stylesheets: Style rules stored in separate
.css
files linked to the HTML document via a<link>
tag in the<head>
. Most commonly used for centralized styling.
- Inline styles: Style rules placed within an HTML element's
- Selectors:
- Element selectors: Select all instances of an HTML element (e.g., h1, p).
- Class selectors: Target HTML elements with the same class attribute using a
.
to identify the class. - Id selectors: Target a specific element using an id attribute with
#
. More specific selectors. - Attribute selectors: Select elements based on the presence or value of attributes (e.g.,
a[href$=".pdf"]
). - Pseudo-class selectors: Select elements based on their relationships or states (e.g., :hover, :first-child).
- Pseudo-element selectors: Select elements which do not directly exist (e.g., the first letter of an element).
- Contextual selectors (combinators): Selects elements based on their relationships to other elements in the document tree. There are descendant, child, sibling selectors.
Benefits of CSS
- Improved formatting control: More granular control over visual aspects compared to HTML.
- Improved maintainability: Centralised CSS changes can modify the entire website through a single file.
- Improved accessibility: Separated presentation helps assistive technologies like screen readers.
- Improved page download speed: Fewer styling details within the HTML improves loading time.
- Improved output flexibility: Adapt a site design to various devices or outputs by manipulating CSS.
CSS Syntax Details
- Values: Can be keywords, length measurements, percentages, numbers, colors, and URLs.
- Understanding Units:
- Relative Units:
%
(relative to parent element),em
(relative to parent font size),rem
(relative to root element font size),ex
, andch
. - Absolute Units:
px
(pixels),cm
,mm
,pt
, andpc
. Essential when dealing with images.
- Relative Units:
CSS Box Model
- Block-level elements: Display on separate lines (e.g.,
<h1>
,<div>
). - Inline elements: Display inline on the same line (e.g.,
<span>
,<img>
). - Content area: The element's actual content.
- Padding: Space around the content.
- Border: Visual border around an element.
- Margin: Space outside an element's border.
- CSS Specificity: How the browser identifies the most important style rules to apply to an element if multiple rules apply. Inline styles are the most specific.
- The more rules the rule contains the higher its specificity, and thus the greater the chance to override the rule that already exists.
- Inheritance: The concept that properties defined for an element might also be applied to its descendants. For example text and color.
CSS Cascade
- Specifies how conflicting styles are dealt with: Inheritance (properties that filter down to children), specificity (how the browser weights rules), and location (order of styles).
Text Styling
- Font families: Used to define the appearance of text and determine the typeface (e.g., "Arial", "Times New Roman").
- Font sizes: Define the size of text.
- Font weights: Specify the boldness of text (e.g., normal, bold).
- Font styles: Determine the style (e.g., italic).
- Paragraph properties: Determine the appearance and layout of text blocks. (e.g. text-align, line height).
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of CSS in this quiz, focusing on selectors and basic styling techniques. Learn how CSS separates content from presentation, and discover the various methods of applying CSS, including inline, embedded, and external stylesheets.