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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum file size that can be stored on exFAT file system?
Which file system is mostly used for mobile data media with a maximum size of 4 gigabytes?
What is the file system that stands for New Technology File System and was designed in 1993 by Microsoft for Windows NT?
What is the maximum file size that can be stored on NTFS file system?
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What is the oldest system in the family of FAT file systems?
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When was the exFAT file system produced especially for flash memory?
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What type of file attribute provides information about the file's protection?
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What is the primary function of the open-file table?
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What is the difference between sequential access and direct access?
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What is the purpose of an index in a file system?
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What is the term for a file system that is built on top of a basic file system?
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What is the term for a collection of nodes containing information about all files?
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What is the purpose of a file lock?
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What is the term for a file system that allows files to be accessed in a specific order?
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What is the term for a file system that uses a combination of hardware and software to provide high availability?
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What is the term for a file system that is used for temporary files?
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What is a key consideration when designing a file system that allows links to files?
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What is the primary purpose of mounting a file system?
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In a multi-user system, what is used to identify users and assign permissions?
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What is the primary benefit of using a distributed file system like NFS?
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What is a common failure mode in remote file systems?
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What is the primary purpose of consistency semantics in file sharing?
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What is the primary purpose of access control lists in Unix?
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What is a key consideration when designing a file system that allows file sharing?
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What is the primary purpose of the current directory in a file system?
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What is a key benefit of using a distributed file system like AFS?
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Study Notes
File System Interface
- A file concept is a contiguous logical address space, which can be classified into two types: data and program files.
- Data files can be numeric, character, or binary.
- Program files can be text, source, or executable.
File Attributes
- File attributes are stored in the directory structure on disk and include:
- Name: the only information kept in human-readable form.
- Identifier: a unique tag (number) that identifies the file within the file system.
- Type: needed for systems that support different file types.
- Location: a pointer to the file location on the device.
- Size: the current file size.
- Protection: controls who can read, write, execute, and access the file.
- Time, date, and user identification: data for protection, security, and usage monitoring.
Directory Structure
- A directory structure is a collection of nodes containing information about all files.
- Both the directory structure and files reside on disk.
File Operations
- File operations include:
- Create
- Write
- Read
- Reposition within a file (seek)
- Delete
- Truncate
- Open
- Close
Open Files
- Several pieces of data are needed to manage open files, including:
- Open-file table: tracks open files.
- File pointer: a pointer to the last read/write location, per process that has the file open.
- File-open count: a counter of the number of times a file is open.
- Disk location of the file: a cache of data access information.
- Access rights: per-process access mode information.
File Locking
- File locking is provided by some operating systems and file systems.
- File locking mediate access to a file and can be mandatory or advisory.
- Examples of file locking include reader-writer locks.
File Types and Structure
- File types can be classified based on their structure, including:
- Simple record structure
- Complex structures (formatted document, relocatable load file)
- File structure can be simulated using control characters.
Access Methods
- Access methods include:
- Sequential access
- Direct access
- Other access methods (indexing, hashing)
Sequential Access
- Sequential access operations include:
- Read next
- Write next
- Reset
- No read after last write (rewrite)
Direct Access
- Direct access operations include:
- Read n
- Write n
- Position to n
File System Organization
- A file system is organized into partitions, which can be further subdivided into volumes.
- Each volume contains a file system, and the file system information is tracked in a device directory or volume table of contents.
File System Types
- There are many types of file systems, including:
- General-purpose file systems (ufs, zfs)
- Special-purpose file systems (tmpfs, objfs, ctfs, lofs, procfs)
File Sharing and Mounting
- File sharing allows multiple users to access files on a multi-user system.
- File systems must be mounted before they can be accessed.
- File sharing can be done through protection schemes, network file systems, or remote file systems.
Protection
- File protection involves controlling access to files, including:
- Read
- Write
- Execute
- Append
- Delete
- List
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Description
This quiz covers the concepts of file system interface, including file concept, access methods, and disk organization, as discussed in Chapter 2 of the Operating System II course.
