CSC 102 Introduction to Computing

Questions and Answers

What is computing?

The process of using computer technology to complete a task, involving the design, development, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for processing data and information.

Which of the following are key areas of computing? (Select all that apply)

Data Science (correct)

Cybersecurity (correct)

Healthcare

Computer Science (correct)

Name the first generation of computers and the component used.

First Generation (1946-1954) - Vacuum tubes

What does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of theoretical computer science?

Alan Turing Signup and view all the answers

Software refers to the physical components of a computer.

False Signup and view all the answers

The _______ is responsible for executing instructions in a computer.

CPU Signup and view all the answers

Match the following generations of computers with their components used:

First Generation = Vacuum tubes Second Generation = Transistors Third Generation = Integrated Circuits (IC) Fourth Generation = Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) Fifth Generation = Ultra Scale Integrated Circuits (ULSI) Micro Processor Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of software?

System Software and Application Software Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Computing Concepts

Core concepts include problem identification, types of problems (routine vs. non-routine), and problem-solving methods.
Introduction to algorithms and heuristics as foundational techniques for solving computing problems.
Distinction between solvable and unsolvable problems.
Various solution techniques: abstraction, analogy, brainstorming, trial and error, hypothesis testing, reduction, literal thinking, means-end analysis, method of focal object, morphological analysis, research, root cause analysis, proof, and divide and conquer.
General problem-solving process and methods for solution formulation and design, including flowcharts, pseudocode, decision tables, and decision trees.
Programming in languages such as C++ and Python is emphasized.

Definition of Computing

Computing refers to using computer technology to perform tasks involving the design, development, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for data processing.
Key Areas of Computing include:
- Computer Science: Focused on theoretical foundations, algorithms, and computing.
- Information Technology: Involves practical applications and systems management.
- Software Engineering: Centers on development and maintenance of software.
- Data Science: Extracts insights from data using statistics, machine learning, and data visualization.
- Cybersecurity: Protects computer systems and networks from information disclosure, theft, or damage.

History of Computing

Evolution of computers spans:
- Mechanical Devices: Early tools like abacus and Pascaline.
- Electromechanical Devices: Innovations such as IBM Mark I and relay-based machines.
- Electronic Computers: Pioneers like ENIAC and UNIVAC marked this era.
- Modern Digital Systems: Development of microprocessors, personal computers, and smartphones.
Pioneers in the field include:
- Charles Babbage: Proposed the Analytical Engine concept.
- Alan Turing: Introduced the Turing machine, considered the father of theoretical computer science.
- John von Neumann: Developed the von Neumann architecture.
- Bill Gates & Steve Jobs: Key figures in the personal computing revolution.

Generations of Computers

First Generation (1946-1954): Utilized vacuum tubes as key components.
Second Generation (1955-1965): Marked by the use of transistors.
Third Generation (1968-1975): Featured integrated circuits (IC).
Fourth Generation (1976-1980): Involved very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI).
Fifth Generation (1980-present): Characterized by ultra scale integrated circuits (ULSI) and microprocessors (silicon chips).

Basic Computer Components

Basic logical structure of computers revolves around five operations to convert raw data into useful information:
- Input Unit: Receives data.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit): The core, includes:
  - Memory Unit
  - Control Unit
  - Arithmetic and Logic Unit
- Output Unit: Delivers processed information to users.

Hardware and Software

Hardware: Refers to the physical components of a computer.
Software: Comprises instructions that guide hardware operations.
Types of Software:
- System Software: Includes operating systems and utility programs.
- Application Software: Encompasses word processors, spreadsheets, and games.
- Programming Language: Tools for creating software applications.

Description

This quiz covers the core concepts of computing as introduced in Lecture 1 of CSC 102. Topics include problem identification and the different types of problems, including routine and non-routine problems. Enhance your understanding of problem-solving methods applicable in computing.