Introduction to Problem Solving in Computing
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Questions and Answers

What is a cognitive barrier that impacts problem-solving efficiency?

  • Limited memory (correct)
  • High processing speed
  • Excessive information availability
  • Enhanced recall abilities

How does limited processing power affect problem-solving?

  • It enhances the ability to analyze complex problems.
  • It limits the amount of information processed simultaneously. (correct)
  • It allows for the recall of all past experiences effectively.
  • It increases the efficiency of decision-making.

What can cognitive biases introduced by heuristics lead to?

  • Judgment errors and overlooked solutions. (correct)
  • Improved memory capacity.
  • Increased recall of relevant knowledge.
  • More effective problem-solving strategies.

What is one impact of limited memory on problem-solving?

<p>It can slow down the problem-solving process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a cognitive barrier?

<p>Infinite processing capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of decomposition in problem-solving?

<p>It simplifies large problems into manageable subproblems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pattern recognition aid in problem-solving?

<p>By identifying recurring solutions across different problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common obstacle in problem-solving?

<p>Recognizing and understanding different challenges. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crucial for developing strategies to overcome problem-solving barriers?

<p>Recognizing the barriers first. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of not recognizing obstacles in problem-solving?

<p>Failure to create effective strategies for solutions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can tunnel vision lead to in problem-solving?

<p>Skipping important steps (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of using structured approaches in problem-solving?

<p>It saves time and resources (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to accurately define a problem?

<p>To ensure you address the right issue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does skipping necessary steps in problem-solving generally result in?

<p>Lower persistence and increased mistakes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in the problem-solving process?

<p>Define the problem (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can exploring alternative approaches benefit problem-solving?

<p>It enhances the likelihood of finding a better solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of insufficient rewards on cognitive performance?

<p>It can cloud judgment and reduce performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step follows developing a plan in the problem-solving process?

<p>Implement the solution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important first step in understanding a problem?

<p>Clarify the scope of the problem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is part of breaking down a problem?

<p>Dividing it into smaller, manageable parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when analyzing interdependencies within a problem?

<p>How different parts depend on each other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When developing a plan to solve a problem, what is the next step after choosing appropriate strategies?

<p>Writing down the steps to solve the problem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does simplifying a complex problem involve?

<p>Identifying the main parts of the problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an algorithm?

<p>It consists of a logical sequence of defined steps. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes deductive reasoning?

<p>Applying general principles to specific situations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abstraction in problem-solving?

<p>To simplify complex problems by highlighting essential concepts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is TRUE about the sequence of steps in an algorithm?

<p>They must be structured and performed in a specific order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does inductive reasoning rely on?

<p>Specific observations to make general conclusions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a problem-solving approach using logic?

<p>Proving a mathematical theorem. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of step-by-step procedures, what is a common application?

<p>Sorting a list of numbers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary for an algorithm to have clearly defined steps?

<p>To achieve the desired outcome consistently. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an open-ended problem?

<p>It allows for a wide range of possible solutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a deterministic problem?

<p>The steps to solve it are clearly defined. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In designing a user-friendly website, which factor is often variable?

<p>Users' personal preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a closed problem?

<p>The desired outcome is clear and specific. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a non-deterministic problem?

<p>Determining the weather for next week. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge when dealing with subjective outcomes?

<p>Different users may prefer different solutions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a closed problem?

<p>Solving a Sudoku puzzle. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about constraints is true?

<p>They can include technology and time limitations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Open-Ended Problem

A problem with a wide range of possible solutions, no single 'correct' answer, and solutions can vary in approach, complexity, and effectiveness.

Closed Problem

A problem with a single correct solution or a limited set of well-defined solutions. The desired outcome is clear, and there's a specific method or algorithm to achieve it.

Deterministic Problem

A problem with predictable outcomes. The steps are clearly defined, and the result is unambiguous.

Non-Deterministic Problem

A problem with multiple potential outcomes. The solution may depend on unpredictable factors, leading to a range of possible results.

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Problem-Solving Paradigm: Algorithmic Thinking

A structured approach where problems are broken down into a sequence of defined steps. This creates a clear and systematic method for solving the problem.

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Algorithmic Thinking: Clear and Logical Sequence

Each step in an algorithm is explicitly defined and follows a logical order. This ensures the process is consistent and leads to the correct solution.

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Problem-Solving Paradigm: Reasoning

Using rules and logic to draw conclusions or solve problems. Deductive Reasoning applies general principles to specific cases, while Inductive Reasoning uses specific observations to form general conclusions.

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Reasoning: Deriving Conclusions Systematically

Each step in a reasoning process is well-defined and logical, leading to a methodical conclusion based on the applied rules and principles.

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Problem-Solving Paradigm: Abstraction

Simplifying complex problems by focusing on essential concepts and disregarding irrelevant details. Abstraction allows for a clearer understanding of the core problem.

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Abstraction: Ignoring Irrelevant Details

Abstraction involves identifying and focusing on the key elements of a problem while intentionally ignoring unnecessary details or information.

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Problem-Solving Paradigm: Examples

Specific examples demonstrate how algorithms, reasoning, and abstraction are applied in real-world scenarios.

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Problem-Solving Paradigms: Key Concept

Different tools for approaching problems, each with unique characteristics and advantages.

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Decomposition

Breaking down a large problem into smaller, more manageable subproblems, making it easier to address each part individually and reduce overall complexity.

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Pattern Recognition

Recognizing recurring patterns and solutions within a problem or across different problems. It allows leveraging existing knowledge and approaches to solve new problems more effectively.

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Identifying Problem-Solving Obstacles

Recognizing the different barriers or challenges that might arise while attempting to solve a problem.

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Understanding Obstacles' Impact

Analyzing how these barriers make it harder to find a solution, recognizing their influence on the problem-solving process.

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Developing Strategies

Creating targeted strategies to overcome recognized barriers by finding alternatives, reallocating resources, or adjusting the approach.

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Cognitive Barriers

Obstacles that prevent effective information processing and solution development.

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Limited Memory

Our brain has a limited capacity to recall information, affecting problem-solving by hindering access to relevant experiences and knowledge.

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Limited Processing Power

The human brain can only handle a certain amount of information at once. This can lead to incomplete or flawed solutions for complex problems.

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Biases and Heuristics

Mental shortcuts (heuristics) can simplify decision-making, but they can also introduce biases that lead to errors or missed solutions.

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Impact of Cognitive Barriers

Cognitive barriers can hinder our ability to recall, process information, and make sound judgments, ultimately leading to inefficient problem-solving.

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Constraints in Problem-Solving

Limitations or rules that impact how you solve a problem, such as time limits, resources, or technical requirements.

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Problem Scope

Defining the exact parts of a problem you'll focus on. It involves deciding what's included and what's excluded from your solution.

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Problem Decomposition

Breaking a large problem into smaller, manageable parts. This makes it easier to understand and solve each section individually.

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Identifying Key Components

Recognizing the essential elements of a problem and understanding how they relate to each other. This helps to see the problem's structure.

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Strategic Problem-Solving

Choosing effective methods and tools based on the problem's specific needs. This involves selecting the most appropriate approach to find a solution.

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Problem Definition Accuracy

Ensuring the problem statement is precisely defined, with a clear understanding of what needs to be fixed. This is essential for effectively addressing the issue.

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Tunnel Vision in Problem Solving

A narrow focus that hinders the ability to explore diverse solutions or consider alternative approaches to a problem. This can limit creativity and prevent finding optimal solutions.

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Skipping Steps in Problem Solving

Failing to follow a complete and structured process when tackling a problem, leading to potential mistakes and an incomplete or less effective solution.

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Problem Solving Efficiency

Optimizing the process of solving problems by minimizing time, effort, and resources while maximizing the quality and effectiveness of the solution.

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Impact of Problem Solving Efficiency

Efficient problem solving saves time and resources, leads to better solutions by allowing for thorough problem analysis, and enhances persistence and effectiveness by minimizing frustration and maximizing focus.

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Problem Solving Process

A structured approach to problem-solving involving defining the problem, analyzing it, developing a plan, implementing the solution, testing it, and reviewing the results.

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Factors that Impair Decision-Making

Circumstances that can negatively influence decision-making, leading to mistakes and less optimal choices. These factors include tunnel vision, goals, insufficient rewards, previous failures, and skipping necessary steps.

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Improving Persistence and Effectiveness

By addressing the root cause of a problem through efficient problem solving, individuals can increase their persistence in tackling challenges and achieve better results.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Problem Solving in Computing

  • This unit introduces problem-solving in computing.
  • Key topics covered include characteristics of computing problems, barriers to problem solving and steps to efficient problem solving.

Agenda

  • Characteristics of Computing Problems
  • Barriers to Problem Solving
  • Steps to Efficient Problem Solving

Characteristics of Computing Problems

  • Computing problems range from simple calculations to complex simulations or system design.
  • They utilize computational methods involving mathematical, logical and algorithmic techniques to process info and generate results.
  • Critical elements include complexity, scalability and specificity. Problems require precise definition.

Nature of Computing Problems

  • Algorithmic Problems: Involve designing and implementing step-by-step procedures for specific tasks; examples include sorting algorithms, mathematical algorithms, and search algorithms.
  • Data Processing Problems: Deal with large datasets; tasks include handling, manipulating, and extracting insights; examples include database queries and data analysis.
  • System Design Problems: Focus on creating complex systems that integrate multiple components; examples include scalable web applications and distributed applications.

Properties of Computing Problems

  • Complexity: Measures resources needed for solving a computing problem, including time and space complexity.
  • Scalability: A system's ability to handle growing workloads. Crucial for ensuring performance efficiency as a system grows.
  • Specificity: Degree of precision and clarity in defining problem requirements and constraints. Defining precise specifications drives effective solutions.

Types of Computing Problems

  • Well-Defined Problems: Have clear, unambiguous goals, requirements, and constraints. The desired outcome is well-defined and solutions are specific. Examples: finding shortest path in a map.
  • Ill-Defined Problems: Have ambiguous goals, requirements or constraints. Solutions can be subjective and vary. Examples include designing user-friendly websites.
  • Deterministic Problems: Have predictable outcomes based on clearly stated steps. Given the same input, the output will always be the same. Eg: Adding numbers.
  • Non-Deterministic Problems: May have multiple potential outcomes depending on unpredictable factors; outcomes aren't fully predictable. Eg: Solving a Sudoku puzzle.
  • Open-ended Problems: Have multiple possible solutions. Solutions can vary in complexity and effectiveness. Examples: Creating a new video game
  • Closed Problems: Have a single correct solution or a limited set of well-defined solutions and clear methods for achieving a desired outcome. Eg: Solving simple equations

Barriers to Problem Solving

  • Cognitive Barriers: Limited memory, processing power and biases.
  • Technical Barriers: Incomplete info, hardware limitations, software bugs.
  • Environmental Barriers: Time constraints, resource constraints, organizational barriers.
  • Psychological Barriers: Stress and anxiety, overconfidence, lack of motivation.

Steps to Efficient Problem Solving

  • Step 1: Define the Problem: Understand the problem statement, clarify constraints, and define scope.
  • Step 2: Analyze the Problem: Break down complexity into smaller sections, analyze key components and dependencies.
  • Step 3: Develop a Plan: Choose effective strategies, and tools, and outline the sequence of actions.
  • Step 4: Implement the Solution: Write the code or develop the solution according to the plan, adapting as needed.
  • Step 5: Test the Solution: Evaluate its correctness and efficiency, identify and fix any issues, and refine through iterative improvements.
  • Step 6: Review and Reflect: Analyse outcomes, identify lessons learned, asses effectiveness, and improve future problem-solving.

Common Techniques and Tools

  • Debugging Tools: Debuggers to track code execution step-by-step; logging for adding notes during coding which aid in identifying and resolving errors.
  • Algorithm Libraries: Provide standard or open-source libraries.
  • Version Control Systems: Track changes to code (ex: Git).

Best Practices for Efficient Problem Solving

  • Document the process: Detailed records of steps and decisions.
  • Collaborate and seek feedback: Obtain input to enhance solutions.
  • Continuously learn and improve: Stay updated on techniques and tools.

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Problem Solving in Computing (PRL1013) LU1 Introduction PDF

Description

This quiz covers the key aspects of problem-solving in computing, including the characteristics of computing problems and the barriers to effective solutions. Dive into algorithmic and data processing challenges, and explore the steps required for efficient problem-solving in various computational contexts.

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