CS214P Assembly Language Quiz on Memory Addressing
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the stack pointer (SP) after a PUSH operation?

  • It is decremented by 2. (correct)
  • It remains unchanged.
  • It is set to zero.
  • It is incremented by 2.

    • What is restored when executing a POP operation?

  • The program counter (PC).
  • The stack pointer (SP) only.
  • The contents of memory.
  • The contents of the top of the stack. (correct)

    • What happens to the values in AX and BX after executing two consecutive PUSH AX operations?

  • Both values are stored in the stack. (correct)
  • The last pushed value replaces the first.
  • Only the first value is stored in the stack.
  • Both values are lost.

    • What does SP=0 typically indicate during program execution?

    <p>The stack is at its base.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary stages of instruction execution in a processor?

    <p>Fetch, decode, execute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After executing a POP operation, what happens to the stack pointer (SP)?

    <p>It is incremented by 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do operands in an instruction refer to?

    <p>Data references needed by the instruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the assembler translate a program written in symbolic code?

    <p>Into machine code as a .COM or .EXE program.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial value of the Instruction Pointer (IP) after loading the program?

    <p>0000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the processor calculate the address of the next instruction to be executed after 'mov AL'?

    <p>It adds 2 to the current IP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the new address of the Data Segment (DS) after initialization?

    <p>05D1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of operands can an instruction have?

    <p>Zero to three operands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the current instruction 'mov AL, 4A' is executed, what is the next instruction address?

    <p>05D28</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After executing 'mov CX, BX', which type of operand is BX classified as?

    <p>Register Operand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the offset when the instruction addresses data at location 05D26?

    <p>0016H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the IP register after an instruction that is 2 bytes long is executed?

    <p>It increments by 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an absolute address?

    <p>A 20-bit value that directly references a specific location in memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a segment: offset address structured?

    <p>It combines a segment starting address with an offset value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a segment start address refer to?

    <p>The first address in a memory segment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the segment register NOT need to store?

    <p>The zero digit of the segment address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the segment beginning defined?

    <p>It always starts on a paragraph boundary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the address 04F03 represent in the context of segment addressing?

    <p>An offset value relative to the segment start address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of segments, what is the function of a stack segment?

    <p>To manage variable storage dynamically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value is typically indicated by the rightmost hex digit being zero in a segment?

    <p>Denotes a valid segment start address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the actual memory address calculated from DS= 038E(0)H and offset = 0032H?

    <p>038E32H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register holds the offset address of the next instruction to execute?

    <p>IP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which registers are classified as general-purpose registers?

    <p>AX, BX, CX, DX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the value in the flag register represent?

    <p>The status of arithmetic and control conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the flag register has a value of 0F19H, which status is indicated by the ZF bit?

    <p>Zero result from the last operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the segment register CS?

    <p>Points to the code segment for executing instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the instruction represented by the general-purpose register expressed as 'MOV [BX], AX'?

    <p>To store the value of AX into the memory address pointed to by BX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option provides a valid segment: offset pair for the actual address 28F30H?

    <p>CS:28F00H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial state of the processor during the BIOS boot process?

    <p>Reset state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entry point address for BIOS in ROM?

    <p>FFFF0H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the BIOS perform as part of its initialization process?

    <p>Clear memory locations to zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the boot strap loader in the BIOS process?

    <p>Load system files from disk into memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is checked by the BIOS during the boot process?

    <p>Input/output ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Interrupt Vector Table provide during the BIOS boot process?

    <p>Hardware addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cleared as a part of the BIOS boot process?

    <p>Memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does BIOS take first after power is turned on?

    <p>Clear memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the BIOS use to begin the boot process?

    <p>Interrupt Vector Table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between .COM and .EXE files?

    <p>.EXE files have separate segments for code, data, and stack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored at SS:SP in the stack during program execution?

    <p>Return address of the previous operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of memory does the BIOS data area begin at?

    <p>Location 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Stack Frame in a program?

    <p>To maintain the execution state of the program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the BIOS take when it checks the disk for system files?

    <p>Transfers control to the boot strap loader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a PUSH operation do in a stack?

    <p>Stores a value at the highest memory location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component transfers control to a program for execution starting at offset 0?

    <p>Program loader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course Title: Assembly Language
    • Course Code: CS214P
    • Grade Level: Third Year Computer Science
    • Institution: Mansoura University, Faculty of Computers and Information, Department of Computer Science
    • Semester: First Semester 2020-2021
    • Instructor: Sara El-Metwally, Ph.D.

    Addressing Data in Memory

    • Absolute Address: A 20-bit value directly referencing a specific memory location.
    • Segment: Offset Address: Combines the starting address of a segment with an offset value.

    Example of Addressing in Memory

    • Memory (Stack): Illustrates how absolute addresses and segment-offset addresses are used to locate memory locations. Shows example locations like (04A27, 04A26).

    Segments and Addressing

    • Program: Shows how code, data, and subroutines are organized. Code, data, and stack segments are directly related to organization.
    • Stack: Is a memory region for managing subroutines and data within programs. Shows example stack addresses and offsets.
    • Segment Registers with relation to memory map: Explains the code segments, data segments, and stack segment with the addresses. Introduces CS, DS, and SS registers.

    Registers

    • Segment Registers: Control access to different memory segments (CS, DS, SS, ES). CS, DS, SS, ES are segment registers.
    • Pointer Registers: Provide addresses for instructions (IP) and stack (SP, BP). IP, SP, BP are pointers.
    • General Purpose Registers: Used for calculations (AX, BX, CX, DX). AX, BX, CX, DX are used for calculations.
    • Index Registers: Support string and array operations (SI, DI) and SI and DI are index registers.
    • Flag Register: Reflects the current status of the processor. (OF, DF, IF, TF, SF, ZF, AF, PF, CF)

    Instruction Execution and Addressing

    • Instruction Format: Each instruction comprises an operation and operands.
      • Opcodes: specifying the operations.
      • Operands: specifying data.
    • Execution Steps: Instruction execution involves fetching, decoding, and executing the instructions.

    Memory Organization in .EXE/ .COM programs

    • .COM files: Consists of a single segment containing code, data, and stack
    • .EXE files: Separate segments for code, data, and stack

    Program Loader

    • Role: Loads .EXE programs into memory.
    • Operation: Loads program code, data, and stack into memory based on addresses. This includes getting command-line arguments and setting up memory segments.

    BIOS Boot Process

    • Initial Processor State: The processor is set to a reset state. Memory locations are cleared to zero, and a parity check is done.
    • BIOS Initialization: The BIOS loads. The BIOS then checks the disk for operating system files and accesses the boot strap loader.
    • Interrupt Vector Table: Contains the addresses of interrupt service routines.

    I/O Interface

    • Hierarchy: Describes how user programs, operating system, BIOS, and hardware interact for input/output tasks.

    The Stack

    • Purpose: Used to store temporary data, return addresses, and context when subroutines are called
    • Operation: Data is stored at higher stack address and stores sequentially downward in the stack.
    • Frame: Section of stack reserved for specific routine.
    • PUSH and POP Instructions: Used to store and retrieve data from the stack. PUSH instructions decrement SP by 2 to store the contents of the register in the stack, POP increments SP by 2 to retrieve the contents in the stack based on the location stored in SP.

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    Related Documents

    Mansoura University Assembly Language Lecture Notes (2020-2021) PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of memory addressing in Assembly Language, specifically focusing on absolute and segment-offset addressing. This quiz covers how different memory locations are referenced and organized within programs, including the stack and segments. Prepare to apply your knowledge about memory management concepts learned in the course.

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