CS141 Programming Fundamentals: C++ Structs

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Questions and Answers

What is the operator used to access a struct member in C++?

Arrow operator

Assignment operator

Equal operator

Dot operator (correct)

What is the effect of the assignment statement `student = newStudent`?

It swaps the values of student and newStudent

It copies all members of newStudent to student (correct)

It only copies the GPA of newStudent to student

It sets all members of student to 0

How can you read a string into a struct member `firstName` of a struct variable `newStudent`?

Using `scanf` function

Using `cin >> newStudent.firstName` (correct)

Using `cout << newStudent.firstName`

Using `newStudent.firstName = "Input"`

Why can't you compare two struct variables using `if (student == newStudent)`?

Because you need to compare members individually Signup and view all the answers

What is not allowed when working with struct variables?

Aggregate input/output operations Signup and view all the answers

What happens when you initialize `newStudent.GPA` with `0.0`?

It only sets the GPA member of newStudent to 0 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using structs in C++?

To group items of different types Signup and view all the answers

What is the general syntax of a struct in C++?

struct structName { dataType1; dataType2; ...dataTypen; } Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the components of a struct?

Members Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a struct definition and a struct declaration?

A struct definition defines a data type, while a struct declaration declares a variable. Signup and view all the answers

How can you declare a struct variable in C++?

Using the struct name followed by the variable name Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a single variable to pass all the components of a struct to a function?

It reduces the number of function parameters Signup and view all the answers

Can you declare a struct variable when you define the struct?

Yes Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the identifier in a struct definition?

To specify the name of the member Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Records (Structs)

A struct is a structured data type in C++ that groups items of different types, offering several advantages, such as passing multiple components as parameters to a function.
The general syntax of a struct in C++ is: struct structName { dataType1 identifier1; dataType2 identifier2; ... dataTypeN identifierN; };
A struct is a definition, not a declaration, which means it defines a data type but does not allocate memory.

Defining a Struct

A struct can be defined with multiple members of different types, such as string, double, char, and int.
Example of defining a struct:

struct employeeType {
  string firstName;
  string lastName;
  string address1;
  string address2;
  double salary;
  string deptID;
};

Declaring Struct Variables

Struct variables can be declared separately from the struct definition, such as studentType newStudent; and studentType student;.
Struct variables can also be declared when defining the struct, such as struct studentType { ... } tempStudent;.

Accessing Struct Members

The syntax for accessing a struct member is structVariableName.memberName.
The dot (.) is an operator called the member access operator.
Example of accessing a struct member: newStudent.GPA = 0.0; and newStudent.firstName = "John";.

Assignment Statement

The assignment statement student = newStudent; is equivalent to assigning each member of newStudent to the corresponding member of student.

Comparison (Relational Operators)

To compare struct variables, each member must be compared separately, member-wise.
Example: if (student.firstName == newStudent.firstName && student.lastName == newStudent.lastName) ....

Input/Output

Aggregate input/output operations are not allowed on a struct variable.
Data in a struct variable must be read or written one member at a time, such as cin >> newStudent.firstName;.

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of structs in C++ programming, including grouping items of different types and passing components as parameters.