C++ Chapter 3 Flashcards
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C++ Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an Extensible Programming Language?

  • A language solely used for statistical analysis.
  • A language that only supports built-in types.
  • A language that allows the creation of new class types. (correct)
  • A language that does not support object-oriented concepts.
  • What is a Driver Program?

    A main function that calls member functions without knowing how the class is implemented.

    What is meant by Instantiating an Object?

    Creating an object of a class.

    Define User-defined type.

    <p>A new type created by the user, distinct from fundamental types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Reusable Code refer to?

    <p>Code that can be reused by other programmers when packaged properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Headers in C++ programming?

    <p>Files that include class definitions and must be included wherever needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Source Code Files?

    <p>Files ending with '.cpp' that define the main function and other functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Dot Operator?

    <p>To call a member function for a specific object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Global Functions?

    <p>Functions that are not members of any class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define Strings in C++.

    <p>Objects of the std library class that store character string values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the getline Function do?

    <p>Reads characters up to a newline and places them in a string.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Member Function?

    <p>A function that is part of a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you receive a line of text from the user?

    <p>Using getline(cin, theName);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the setName Function?

    <p>To set the name attribute in an account object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Arguments in function calls?

    <p>Data provided in the parentheses of a function call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does void signify in a return type?

    <p>It indicates that a function does not return any information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Parameter in the context of functions?

    <p>Data that a member function requires to perform its task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Local Variables?

    <p>Variables declared within a function, limited to that function's scope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Keyword 'Class' signify?

    <p>It defines a class type in C++.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Data Hiding refer to?

    <p>Encapsulating data members and restricting access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Default Access for Class Members?

    <p>Private</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define a Constructor in C++.

    <p>A special function that initializes objects of a class.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Keyword 'Explicit' indicate?

    <p>It is used with single-parameter constructors to prevent implicit conversions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a Client in the context of a class?

    <p>Any code that calls the class's member functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an in-class initializer?

    <p>An initializer for fundamental-type data members declared in class declarations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Validation or Validity Checking?

    <p>A process that checks input before modifying any data members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Concepts of Classes and Objects in C++

    • Extensible Programming Language: Allows creating new types (classes) for object instantiation, e.g., C++.

    • Driver Program: A main function that interacts with an object without knowing its class implementation details, essentially driving its functionality.

    • Instantiating an Object: Requires the declaration of a class object, e.g., Account myAccount;, enabling the usage of member functions.

    • User-defined Type: Custom types created by users that extend beyond the fundamental types provided by the language.

    • Reusable Code: Properly packaged classes can be reused across different programs, promoting efficiency.

    • Headers: Essential files ending in .h that contain class definitions. Must be included in source code files with #include and can be specified with double quotes if located within the project.

    • Source Code Files: Files ending in .cpp that define the main function and are where headers are included.

    • Dot Operator: Used to call member functions on an object, structured as objectName.memberFunction(), illustrating access to object methods.

    • Global Functions: Functions that exist outside any class structure, accessible throughout the program.

    • Strings: Objects from the C++ standard library that store character strings, defined within the standard namespace (std).

    • getline Function: Reads a line of text from input until a newline is encountered, placing the result into a string variable.

    • Member Function: Functions defined within a class that can accept arguments to enhance functionality.

    • Receiving User Input: Achieved using getline(cin, variableName); to gather input into a string variable.

    • setName Function: A member function that assigns a value to a member variable, facilitating encapsulated data manipulation.

    • Arguments: Values passed within a function call's parentheses that provide necessary data for function execution.

    • Data Members: Variables defined within a class, outside member function bodies, crucial for the state of class objects.

    • Empty String: The default initialization value for a string variable in C++ is an empty string "".

    • Return Type "Void": Indicates that a function will not return a value after execution.

    • Parameters: Variables specified in function definitions that represent the input data required for operation.

    • Local Variables: Variables declared within a function that are destroyed once the function completes its execution.

    • const Member Functions: Functions that guarantee not to modify the class object from which they are called.

    • Private Keyword: Access specifier indicating that members are restricted to access by the class's member functions only.

    • Data Hiding: A principle where data within a class is encapsulated to prevent direct access from outside the class.

    • Default Access for Class Members: Members are private by default unless explicitly stated otherwise.

    • UML Class Diagram: Visual representation of a class composed of three sections: class name, attributes, and operations.

    • Constructor: Special member function responsible for initializing new objects, potentially including parameters for custom setup.

    • Keyword "Explicit": Used for single-parameter constructors to prevent implicit conversions.

    • Client: Any code that utilizes a class's member functions, establishing a relationship between the class and the calling code.

    • In-class Initializer: Method to assign values to primitive-type data members directly in their class declarations.

    • Validation or Validity Checking: Procedure performed by constructors to ensure data integrity before modifying data members.

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    Test your knowledge of Chapter 3 from the C++ programming series with these flashcards. This chapter covers crucial concepts such as classes, objects, member functions, and strings. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding and memorizing key terms!

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