Questions and Answers
What is an Extensible Programming Language?
What is a Driver Program?
A main function that calls member functions without knowing how the class is implemented.
What is meant by Instantiating an Object?
Creating an object of a class.
Define User-defined type.
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What does Reusable Code refer to?
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What are Headers in C++ programming?
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What are Source Code Files?
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What is the function of the Dot Operator?
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What are Global Functions?
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Define Strings in C++.
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What does the getline Function do?
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What is a Member Function?
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How do you receive a line of text from the user?
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What is the purpose of the setName Function?
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What are Arguments in function calls?
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What does void signify in a return type?
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What is a Parameter in the context of functions?
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What are Local Variables?
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What does the Keyword 'Class' signify?
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What does Data Hiding refer to?
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What is the Default Access for Class Members?
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Define a Constructor in C++.
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What does the Keyword 'Explicit' indicate?
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What is a Client in the context of a class?
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What is an in-class initializer?
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What is Validation or Validity Checking?
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Study Notes
Concepts of Classes and Objects in C++
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Extensible Programming Language: Allows creating new types (classes) for object instantiation, e.g., C++.
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Driver Program: A main function that interacts with an object without knowing its class implementation details, essentially driving its functionality.
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Instantiating an Object: Requires the declaration of a class object, e.g.,
Account myAccount;
, enabling the usage of member functions. -
User-defined Type: Custom types created by users that extend beyond the fundamental types provided by the language.
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Reusable Code: Properly packaged classes can be reused across different programs, promoting efficiency.
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Headers: Essential files ending in
.h
that contain class definitions. Must be included in source code files with#include
and can be specified with double quotes if located within the project. -
Source Code Files: Files ending in
.cpp
that define the main function and are where headers are included. -
Dot Operator: Used to call member functions on an object, structured as
objectName.memberFunction()
, illustrating access to object methods. -
Global Functions: Functions that exist outside any class structure, accessible throughout the program.
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Strings: Objects from the C++ standard library that store character strings, defined within the standard namespace (
std
). -
getline Function: Reads a line of text from input until a newline is encountered, placing the result into a string variable.
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Member Function: Functions defined within a class that can accept arguments to enhance functionality.
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Receiving User Input: Achieved using
getline(cin, variableName);
to gather input into a string variable. -
setName Function: A member function that assigns a value to a member variable, facilitating encapsulated data manipulation.
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Arguments: Values passed within a function call's parentheses that provide necessary data for function execution.
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Data Members: Variables defined within a class, outside member function bodies, crucial for the state of class objects.
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Empty String: The default initialization value for a string variable in C++ is an empty string
""
. -
Return Type "Void": Indicates that a function will not return a value after execution.
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Parameters: Variables specified in function definitions that represent the input data required for operation.
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Local Variables: Variables declared within a function that are destroyed once the function completes its execution.
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const Member Functions: Functions that guarantee not to modify the class object from which they are called.
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Private Keyword: Access specifier indicating that members are restricted to access by the class's member functions only.
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Data Hiding: A principle where data within a class is encapsulated to prevent direct access from outside the class.
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Default Access for Class Members: Members are private by default unless explicitly stated otherwise.
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UML Class Diagram: Visual representation of a class composed of three sections: class name, attributes, and operations.
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Constructor: Special member function responsible for initializing new objects, potentially including parameters for custom setup.
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Keyword "Explicit": Used for single-parameter constructors to prevent implicit conversions.
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Client: Any code that utilizes a class's member functions, establishing a relationship between the class and the calling code.
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In-class Initializer: Method to assign values to primitive-type data members directly in their class declarations.
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Validation or Validity Checking: Procedure performed by constructors to ensure data integrity before modifying data members.
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