C++ Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is an Extensible Programming Language?

A language solely used for statistical analysis.

A language that only supports built-in types.

A language that allows the creation of new class types. (correct)

A language that does not support object-oriented concepts.

What is a Driver Program?

A main function that calls member functions without knowing how the class is implemented.

What is meant by Instantiating an Object?

Creating an object of a class.

Define User-defined type.

A new type created by the user, distinct from fundamental types. Signup and view all the answers

What does Reusable Code refer to?

Code that can be reused by other programmers when packaged properly. Signup and view all the answers

What are Headers in C++ programming?

Files that include class definitions and must be included wherever needed. Signup and view all the answers

What are Source Code Files?

Files ending with '.cpp' that define the main function and other functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Dot Operator?

To call a member function for a specific object. Signup and view all the answers

What are Global Functions?

Functions that are not members of any class. Signup and view all the answers

Define Strings in C++.

Objects of the std library class that store character string values. Signup and view all the answers

What does the getline Function do?

Reads characters up to a newline and places them in a string. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Member Function?

A function that is part of a class. Signup and view all the answers

How do you receive a line of text from the user?

Using getline(cin, theName); Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the setName Function?

To set the name attribute in an account object. Signup and view all the answers

What are Arguments in function calls?

Data provided in the parentheses of a function call. Signup and view all the answers

What does void signify in a return type?

It indicates that a function does not return any information. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Parameter in the context of functions?

Data that a member function requires to perform its task. Signup and view all the answers

What are Local Variables?

Variables declared within a function, limited to that function's scope. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Keyword 'Class' signify?

It defines a class type in C++. Signup and view all the answers

What does Data Hiding refer to?

Encapsulating data members and restricting access. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Default Access for Class Members?

Private Signup and view all the answers

Define a Constructor in C++.

A special function that initializes objects of a class. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Keyword 'Explicit' indicate?

It is used with single-parameter constructors to prevent implicit conversions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a Client in the context of a class?

Any code that calls the class's member functions. Signup and view all the answers

What is an in-class initializer?

An initializer for fundamental-type data members declared in class declarations. Signup and view all the answers

What is Validation or Validity Checking?

A process that checks input before modifying any data members. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Concepts of Classes and Objects in C++

Extensible Programming Language: Allows creating new types (classes) for object instantiation, e.g., C++.
Driver Program: A main function that interacts with an object without knowing its class implementation details, essentially driving its functionality.
Instantiating an Object: Requires the declaration of a class object, e.g., Account myAccount;, enabling the usage of member functions.
User-defined Type: Custom types created by users that extend beyond the fundamental types provided by the language.
Reusable Code: Properly packaged classes can be reused across different programs, promoting efficiency.
Headers: Essential files ending in .h that contain class definitions. Must be included in source code files with #include and can be specified with double quotes if located within the project.
Source Code Files: Files ending in .cpp that define the main function and are where headers are included.
Dot Operator: Used to call member functions on an object, structured as objectName.memberFunction(), illustrating access to object methods.
Global Functions: Functions that exist outside any class structure, accessible throughout the program.
Strings: Objects from the C++ standard library that store character strings, defined within the standard namespace (std).
getline Function: Reads a line of text from input until a newline is encountered, placing the result into a string variable.
Member Function: Functions defined within a class that can accept arguments to enhance functionality.
Receiving User Input: Achieved using getline(cin, variableName); to gather input into a string variable.
setName Function: A member function that assigns a value to a member variable, facilitating encapsulated data manipulation.
Arguments: Values passed within a function call's parentheses that provide necessary data for function execution.
Data Members: Variables defined within a class, outside member function bodies, crucial for the state of class objects.
Empty String: The default initialization value for a string variable in C++ is an empty string "".
Return Type "Void": Indicates that a function will not return a value after execution.
Parameters: Variables specified in function definitions that represent the input data required for operation.
Local Variables: Variables declared within a function that are destroyed once the function completes its execution.
const Member Functions: Functions that guarantee not to modify the class object from which they are called.
Private Keyword: Access specifier indicating that members are restricted to access by the class's member functions only.
Data Hiding: A principle where data within a class is encapsulated to prevent direct access from outside the class.
Default Access for Class Members: Members are private by default unless explicitly stated otherwise.
UML Class Diagram: Visual representation of a class composed of three sections: class name, attributes, and operations.
Constructor: Special member function responsible for initializing new objects, potentially including parameters for custom setup.
Keyword "Explicit": Used for single-parameter constructors to prevent implicit conversions.
Client: Any code that utilizes a class's member functions, establishing a relationship between the class and the calling code.
In-class Initializer: Method to assign values to primitive-type data members directly in their class declarations.
Validation or Validity Checking: Procedure performed by constructors to ensure data integrity before modifying data members.

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Test your knowledge of Chapter 3 from the C++ programming series with these flashcards. This chapter covers crucial concepts such as classes, objects, member functions, and strings. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding and memorizing key terms!