CS1050 Programming Fundamentals with C - Unit I

Introduction to Programming

• Programming language: A system of instructions used to create software applications.
• Hierarchy of computer languages includes various high-level and low-level languages.

Most Popular Programming Languages

• Commonly used languages: C, Python, C++, Java, Scala, C#, R, Ruby, Go, Swift, JavaScript.

Characteristics of a Programming Language

• Simplicity and ease of use enhance learning and application.
• Good readability and human recognizability are essential.
• Must support abstraction, enabling complex structures with usability.
• Portability is preferred to allow usage across different systems.
• High efficiency is crucial for quick machine code conversion and low memory usage.
• Structured and documented features facilitate application development.
• Development tools for debugging and maintenance must be included.
• An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is necessary.
• Consistency in syntax and semantics is vital for programming.

Basic Terminologies in Programming Languages

• Algorithm: Step-by-step procedure for problem-solving.
• Variable: A named memory storage location for values.
• Data Type: Classification indicating the type of data (e.g., integer, string, boolean).
• Function: A block of code that performs a specific task and can be invoked elsewhere.
• Control Flow: Execution order of program statements, including loops and conditions.
• Syntax: Rules governing the structure of a programming language.
• Comment: Text ignored by the compiler, used for notes or explanations.
• Debugging: Process of identifying and fixing program errors.
• IDE: Comprehensive environment for coding, debugging, and testing.
• Operator: Symbols representing operations (e.g., + for addition, - for subtraction).
• Statement: Individual instructions executing specific actions.

Advantages of Programming Languages

• Increased Productivity: Abstractions allow for quicker and more efficient coding.
• Portability: High-level programs run on various OS and platforms.
• Readability: Well-designed languages improve code understanding.
• Large Community: Availability of support and resources through developer communities.

Disadvantages of Programming Languages

• Complexity: Some languages are challenging for beginners.
• Performance: High-level languages may run slower compared to lower-level counterparts.
• Limited Functionality: Certain tasks may require additional libraries.
• Fragmentation: Diverse languages complicate code sharing and collaboration.

Introduction to C Programming

• Developed by Dennis Ritchie for system applications and direct hardware interaction.
• Recognized as:
  • Mother language
  • System programming language
  • Procedure-oriented programming language
  • Structured programming language
  • Mid-level programming language

This quiz covers the basics of programming and introduces the C language. Key topics include the structure of a C program, compilation, execution, syntax elements like keywords and data types, as well as essential input and output functions. Test your knowledge of programming fundamentals through this formatted quiz.