CS 151: Memory System - Lecture 3a
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct term for a group of bits sized at 8, 16, 32, or 64 bits?

  • Byte
  • Block
  • Word (correct)
  • Nibble

    • In a little-endian system, the most significant byte is stored first in lower memory addresses.

    False

    How many bits are required to address a memory space of 64 KB?

    16 bits

    In __________ byte ordering, the least significant byte is stored first.

    <p>little-endian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Little Endian = Stores least significant byte first Big Endian = Stores most significant byte first Byte-addressable = Individual byte locations are addressed Word-addressable = Multi-byte words are indicated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many address inputs are needed to access 4KB of memory?

    <p>12 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The processor stores data in memory in the same sequence as it is inputted.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hexadecimal representation of the binary value 0000 0101 0011 1001?

    <p>0529H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Random Access Memory (RAM)?

    <p>Store data and applications currently in use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static RAM (SRAM) is faster than Dynamic RAM (DRAM).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the data stored in RAM when power is removed?

    <p>The data is lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Auxiliary or external memory is also known as __________ memory.

    <p>secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory allows for easy reading and writing by the microprocessor?

    <p>Random Access Memory (RAM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following memory types to their characteristics:

    <p>RAM = Volatile memory that can be read from and written to ROM = Non-volatile memory typically used for firmware SRAM = Faster speed and higher cost DRAM = Slower speed and lower cost than SRAM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Main memory communicates directly with the CPU.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of auxiliary memory.

    <p>Hard disk, Magnetic tape, or Compact disk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of BIOS?

    <p>To tell the processor how to access resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ROM is a type of volatile memory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain why ROM is not suitable for regular data storage.

    <p>Programs and data in ROM cannot be changed or erased by regular program instructions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of ROM that can be erased using ultraviolet light is called _____ .

    <p>EPROM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of ROM with their descriptions:

    <p>Masked ROM = Manufactured with predefined data PROM = Can be programmed once EPROM = Erased by ultraviolet light EEPROM = Electrically erasable but slower to write</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of memory is directly accessible by the CPU?

    <p>Internal memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data in RAM can be permanently stored without power.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do static RAMs primarily use to store data?

    <p>D-latches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dynamic RAMs are less expensive than static RAMs due to their simpler and smaller cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main characteristics used to categorize memory systems?

    <p>Location, capacity, unit of transfer, access method, performance, physical type, and organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Read Only Memory (ROM) in a computer system?

    <p>To store the computer's BIOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bit in a DRAM is stored using a device called a ______.

    <p>capacitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about DRAM?

    <p>It requires periodic refreshing to maintain data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Static RAM stores more data compared to Dynamic RAM.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many latches would a memory with an address space of 256 K and 8 bits per address contain?

    <p>2,097,152 latches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when requested data is found in the upper level of the memory hierarchy?

    <p>Hit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hit rate is defined as the percentage of memory accesses that result in a miss.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the fraction of memory accesses not found in the upper level?

    <p>miss rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the data requested by the processor is not located in the upper level, this is called a __________.

    <p>miss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum unit of information in a two-level memory hierarchy?

    <p>Block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The miss rate can also refer to misses per memory reference.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the hit ratio often used?

    <p>As a measure of memory hierarchy performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a memory capacity of 4K x 8 indicate?

    <p>A memory device with a word size of 8 bits and 4096 words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Direct access memory allows for random access without a unique address for individual blocks.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes volatile memory?

    <p>It loses data when power is turned off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum number of bits that can be read or written into memory at a time is called the ______.

    <p>unit of transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the access methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Sequential = Start at the beginning and read through in order Direct = Access by unique block addresses Random = Access by exact address identification Associative = Location by content comparison</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered nonvolatile memory?

    <p>Disk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memory cycle time only includes the time required for access, excluding recovery time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name any two types of memory classified under physical types.

    <p>Semiconductor memory, Magnetic memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    CS 151: Computer Organization and Architecture I - Lecture 3a - The Memory System

    • The memory system is the central part of a computer that stores programs and data. It is organized using memory locations and addresses that determine how the computer manages information.
    • Information stored includes programs, data, and results of computations. Memory allows programs and data to be stored and executed.
    • Memory is byte-addressable. This means each memory location is assigned a unique identifier, "memory address." A word is typically grouped into 8 bits (a byte). Addressing bit count (k) and bit per location (n) are used in determining address space (total accessible memory).
    • Memory unit calculations example is shown for 32-bit computer addressing 232 = 4GB of physical memory.
    • Data is written to and retrieved from memory using addresses.
    • Memory technologies include RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
    • RAM is a read-write memory (easily accessed). Data is lost when power is removed (volatile).
    • ROM is a read-only memory used for permanent storage. Data is not lost when power is removed (non-volatile).
    • Memory is organized in a hierarchy (different types and levels of memory).
    • The locality principle is fundamental in computer architecture. Several questions about memory hierarchies help students understand the memory hierarchy tradeoffs.
    • The four questions for Memory levels are: Where can a block be placed in the upper level? How a block is found if it's available in the upper level? Which block should be replaced on a miss? What happens on a write?
    • CPU registers (fast memory) are used to temporarily store data, used for operations during data transfer between CPU and memory.
    • Types of CPU registers explained.
    • Main memory (primary memory) is a random access memory used to store information while a computer is running.
    • Secondary memory (e.g., hard disk, CDs) stores large quantities of data permanently.
    • Main memory works as middle level and can transfer data to other levels, such as secondary memory.
    • Two types of RAM, SRAM and DRAM, have different characteristics (cost and speed) that make them suited for different applications within memory hierarchies.
    • Byte ordering in memory (explained with example) includes little and big endian.

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    CS 151: Computer Organization and Architecture I Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of the memory system in computer organization. This quiz covers memory locations, addressing, types of memory like RAM and ROM, and how data is managed in a computer. Test your understanding of how memory supports program execution and information storage.

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