Crystals and Their Properties Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characteristic defines crystals?

  • Atoms are arranged in a long-range order. (correct)
  • They have no definite shape.
  • Particles are arranged randomly.
  • They consist of only one type of atom.

    • Which of the following is an example of a crystalline substance?

  • Rubber
  • Plastic
  • Glass
  • Sodium chloride (correct)

    • What term is used to describe materials that have randomly arranged particles?

  • Amorphous (correct)
  • Cubic
  • Polymeric
  • Crystalline

    • In contrast to crystals, which statement is true for amorphous materials?

    <p>They lack a long-range order in their atomic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true about crystalline substances?

    <p>They can be formed from metals only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting structure when atoms are replaced by geometric points in their stable positions?

    <p>A geometric structure representing the crystal's properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property does the geometric structure of points possess when atoms are replaced by these points?

    <p>Geometric properties of the crystal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what position are the geometric points located when atoms are replaced?

    <p>In the stable position of the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What transformation occurs to the atoms when creating the geometric structure?

    <p>Atoms are replaced by points representing their positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the outcome of replacing atoms with geometric points?

    <p>A geometric representation that maintains the crystal's properties is formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four basic types of Bravais lattices in three dimensions?

    <p>Primitive lattice, Body center lattice, Face center lattice, Base or side center lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lattice is not one of the basic types of Bravais lattices?

    <p>Rectangular centered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many crystal systems are the five types of basic lattices distributed over?

    <p>Seven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a primitive lattice?

    <p>Always has a higher density than other lattices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Bravais lattices is incorrect?

    <p>Hexagonal lattice is one of the basic Bravais lattices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nearest neighbor distance d and the atomic radius r in the context of a face-centered cubic lattice?

    <p>r = 1/2d</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primitive vector of a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure?

    <p>a/2(k+i)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the calculated volume of the primitive cell of a face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice?

    <p>(1/4)a³</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the filling factor or packing factor measure in a crystalline structure?

    <p>The ratio of the volume occupied by atoms to the total volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the volume of the unit cell calculated using the primitive vectors in a cubic system?

    <p>Volume = |a.b xc|</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the notation <110> represent in crystallography?

    <p>All directions of equivalent type in a crystal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'band axis' refer to in crystal directions?

    <p>A direction along which a group of intersecting surfaces aligns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes intersecting surfaces in crystals?

    <p>They share a common direction or domain axis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In crystallography, which of the following options represents a possible equivalent direction to <110>?

    <p>[101]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of crystallography, what is meant by 'domain axis'?

    <p>A common direction along which surfaces intersect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the steps to find the Miller indices for a surface intersecting the axes at x=3, y=6, z=2?

    <p>Inverse the coordinates, multiply by the least common multiple, then state the indices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Given the intersection x=4, y=∞, z=1/2, what are the resulting Miller indices?

    <p>(108)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method for determining the Miller coefficients for the intersection at x=4, y=∞, z=-1/6?

    <p>Inverse the coordinates, multiply by 4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sets of axes corresponds to the Miller indices (213)?

    <p>x=3, y=6, z=2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of forming a plane from the Miller coefficients when determining crystal direction?

    <p>To create a visual representation of the crystal structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solid Materials

    • Matter is classified based on properties such as electrical, magnetic, binding energy, and thermal properties.

    Electrical Properties

    • Conductors: Allow the flow of electric current.
    • Semiconductors: Have conductivity between conductors and insulators.
    • Insulators: Do not allow the flow of electric current.

    Magnetic Properties

    • Paramagnetic: Weakly attracted to magnetic fields.
    • Diamagnetic: Weakly repelled by magnetic fields.
    • Ferromagnetic: Strongly attracted to magnetic fields.

    Binding Energy

    • Ionic: Binding energy related to ionic bonds.
    • Valence: Binding energy related to valence electrons.
    • Metallic: Binding energy related to metallic bonds.
    • Vander Waals: Binding energy related to Vander Waals forces.

    Thermal Properties

    • Thermal Conductor: Material that readily transmits heat.
    • Thermal Insulator: Material that poorly transmits heat.

    Internal Building of Atoms

    • Crystalline: Atoms arranged in a repeating pattern.
    • Polycrystalline: Multiple crystals with different orientations.
    • Amorphous: Atoms arranged randomly.

    Crystalline and Amorphous Solids

    • Crystalline Solids: Atoms arranged in a repeating, 3D structure (crystal lattice).
      • Have a regular, geometric shape.
      • Examples: Salt (NaCl), Diamond, Gold, Quartz (SiO2).
    • Amorphous Solids: Atoms arranged randomly with no long-range order.
      • Do not have a defined, geometric shape.
      • Examples: Glass, Plastics, Polymers, Wax.

    Crystalline Materials - Criteria

    • Sudden Melting: Crystalline materials melt at a specific temperature.
    • Distinctive X-Ray Diffraction Pattern: Crystalline materials produce distinct spots in X-ray diffraction.

    Crystallography

    • The science dealing with the study of solids.
    • Crystals: Solids with a repeating geometric pattern (periodic arrangement of atoms)
    • Crystal symmetry: Atoms in a lattice have symmetry.
    • Translational symmetry: Translation vector connects two identical places in the crystal lattice without changing the lattice structure

    Types of Real Crystals

    • Single Crystals: The entire crystal has periodic geometric arrangement
    • Polycrystalline Materials: The periodicity of crystal structure is not continuous

    Crystal Structure

    • Lattice: A three-dimensional array of points representing the arrangement of atoms.
    • Basis: The atoms associated with each point in the lattice.
    • Lattice Point: Points of the lattice that are at equivalent positions in the lattice.

    Symmetry Operations

    • Translation Symmetry Operation: A displacement in a crystal lattice that leaves the pattern unchanged
    • Rotation Symmetry Operation: Rotation around an axis that leaves the lattice unchanged
    • Reflection Symmetry Operation: Reflection in a plane that leaves the lattice unchanged
    • Inversion Symmetry Operation: An inversion through a center that leaves the lattice unchanged
    • Screw Symmetry Operation: Combination of rotation and translation
    • Glide Symmetry Operation: Combination of reflection and translation

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    Solid State Physics PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the characteristics and classifications of crystals with this quiz. Explore terms like crystalline and amorphous materials, and understand the Bravais lattices and crystal systems. Perfect for students studying solid state physics or material science.

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