Crystal Lattices and Phase Changes

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What is the Kinetic Molecular Theory used to explain?

Properties of solids in terms of temperature

Properties of gases in terms of temperature

Properties of solids and liquids in terms of intermolecular forces (correct)

Properties of liquids in terms of intramolecular forces

What type of forces hold atoms together in a molecule?

Ion-dipole forces

Van der Waals forces

Intramolecular forces (correct)

Dipole-dipole forces

Which type of intermolecular force exists between polar molecules?

Ion-dipole force

Hydrogen bonding

Dipole-induced dipole force (correct)

London dispersion forces

What are the intermolecular forces of attraction in a pure substance collectively referred to as?

Van der Waals forces Signup and view all the answers

In which state of matter are intermolecular forces relatively weaker than intramolecular forces?

Liquid Signup and view all the answers

What does the speed of particles in matter depend on according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between crystalline and amorphous solids?

Crystalline solids have a regular arrangement of particles, while amorphous solids have a disordered structure. Signup and view all the answers

What property of water allows it to float as a solid (ice) on liquid water?

The hydrogen bonds in solid water result in an open, less dense structure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason that water has an unusually high boiling point compared to other similar molecules?

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules increase the intermolecular forces. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of a phase diagram?

It shows the relationship between pressure, temperature, and the state of a substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of the unit cell in a crystalline solid?

It is the smallest possible repeating unit that makes up the entire crystal structure. Signup and view all the answers

How does the arrangement of particles differ between crystalline and amorphous solids?

Crystalline solids have a highly ordered, regular arrangement of particles, while amorphous solids have a random, disordered arrangement. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about a lattice is correct?

It is a three-dimensional arrangement of points representing the positions of atoms or molecules in a crystal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest repeating unit of a lattice called?

Unit cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a phase change?

A transformation of matter from one physical state to another due to a change in temperature or pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does a phase diagram represent?

The physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three areas typically represented on a phase diagram?

Solid, liquid, and vapor (gas) Signup and view all the answers

What do the lines on a phase diagram represent?

The combinations of pressure and temperature at which two phases can exist in equilibrium. Signup and view all the answers