Cryptosporidium: Gastrointestinal Disease

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What is the primary mode of transmission of Cryptosporidiosis?

Direct contact with infected animals
Inhaling contaminated air
Vector-borne transmission
Ingesting contaminated food and water (correct)

What is the name of the gastrointestinal and zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium?

Gastroenteritis
Cryptosporidiosis (correct)
Protozoan infection
Zoonotic disease

What is a characteristic of Cryptosporidium that makes it a major concern in waterborne outbreaks?

It is sensitive to disinfectants
It can only survive in warm water
It is resistant to many disinfectants and can live in water for extended periods (correct)
It can only infect immunocompromised individuals

What is the name of the Cryptosporidium species that is a specific human pathogen?

C. hominis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical diameter range of Cryptosporidium oocysts?

4.2 to 5.4 µm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of Cryptosporidiosis in individuals with weakened immune systems?

Severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of Salmonella infections?

3-7 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who are more susceptible to severe and prolonged sickness due to Salmonella infections?

Individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying health issues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern for young children and pregnant women with diarrhea?

Dehydration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for diarrhea in individuals with strong immune systems?

Drinking lots of fluids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What medication has been approved by the FDA for treating diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium?

Nitazoxanide (C) Signup and view all the answers

Who should parents consult regarding appropriate fluid replacement therapies for their babies with diarrhea?

Healthcare professionals (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of transmission for Campylobacteriosis?

Consumption of raw or undercooked meat or drinking contaminated water (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of Campylobacteriosis?

3-6 days (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Campylobacter bacteria?

Spiral helical or s-shaped rods (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of movement for Campylobacter bacteria?

Via a single flagellum (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the common clinical manifestation of Campylobacteriosis?

Diarrhea or gastroenteritis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method by which Campylobacter bacteria penetrate the gastrointestinal mucus?

High motility and spiral shape (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of Campylobacteriosis?

Low mortality rate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What population is most affected by Campylobacter infection in low-income countries?

Young children (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the immune response to Campylobacter infection?

Worsened tissue damage and inflammation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site of Campylobacter bacteria invasion after ingesting contaminated food or water?

Gut enterocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cell damage and tissue inflammation in Campylobacter infection?

Toxin production, including cytolethal distending toxin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Campylobacter bacteria that makes it resistant to the immune system?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason to thoroughly cleanse your hands with soap and water?

To prevent Campylobacter and other pathogenic microbes from enduring on your skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended practice to mitigate the risk of contamination from raw poultry?

Segregating raw poultry from other food items and utilizing distinct cutting boards (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason to opt for pasteurized milk over raw milk?

To prevent Campylobacter and other detrimental pathogens from posing significant health risks (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why should you refrain from consuming untreated water?

Because it may contain Campylobacter and other harmful microorganisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical step in preventing Campylobacter infections?

Ensuring food is cooked to the appropriate temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of Campylobacter infections?

Raw poultry (D) Signup and view all the answers