Cryptosporidium: Gastrointestinal Disease
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of Cryptosporidiosis?

  • Direct contact with infected animals
  • Inhaling contaminated air
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Ingesting contaminated food and water (correct)

    • What is the name of the gastrointestinal and zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium?

  • Gastroenteritis
  • Cryptosporidiosis (correct)
  • Protozoan infection
  • Zoonotic disease

    • What is a characteristic of Cryptosporidium that makes it a major concern in waterborne outbreaks?

  • It is sensitive to disinfectants
  • It can only survive in warm water
  • It is resistant to many disinfectants and can live in water for extended periods (correct)
  • It can only infect immunocompromised individuals

    • What is the name of the Cryptosporidium species that is a specific human pathogen?

    <p>C. hominis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical diameter range of Cryptosporidium oocysts?

    <p>4.2 to 5.4 µm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a complication of Cryptosporidiosis in individuals with weakened immune systems?

    <p>Severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of Salmonella infections?

    <p>3-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are more susceptible to severe and prolonged sickness due to Salmonella infections?

    <p>Individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying health issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for young children and pregnant women with diarrhea?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for diarrhea in individuals with strong immune systems?

    <p>Drinking lots of fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication has been approved by the FDA for treating diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium?

    <p>Nitazoxanide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should parents consult regarding appropriate fluid replacement therapies for their babies with diarrhea?

    <p>Healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transmission for Campylobacteriosis?

    <p>Consumption of raw or undercooked meat or drinking contaminated water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of Campylobacteriosis?

    <p>3-6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of Campylobacter bacteria?

    <p>Spiral helical or s-shaped rods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of movement for Campylobacter bacteria?

    <p>Via a single flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common clinical manifestation of Campylobacteriosis?

    <p>Diarrhea or gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which Campylobacter bacteria penetrate the gastrointestinal mucus?

    <p>High motility and spiral shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical outcome of Campylobacteriosis?

    <p>Low mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What population is most affected by Campylobacter infection in low-income countries?

    <p>Young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the immune response to Campylobacter infection?

    <p>Worsened tissue damage and inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of Campylobacter bacteria invasion after ingesting contaminated food or water?

    <p>Gut enterocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cell damage and tissue inflammation in Campylobacter infection?

    <p>Toxin production, including cytolethal distending toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Campylobacter bacteria that makes it resistant to the immune system?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key reason to thoroughly cleanse your hands with soap and water?

    <p>To prevent Campylobacter and other pathogenic microbes from enduring on your skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice to mitigate the risk of contamination from raw poultry?

    <p>Segregating raw poultry from other food items and utilizing distinct cutting boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason to opt for pasteurized milk over raw milk?

    <p>To prevent Campylobacter and other detrimental pathogens from posing significant health risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should you refrain from consuming untreated water?

    <p>Because it may contain Campylobacter and other harmful microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in preventing Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Ensuring food is cooked to the appropriate temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Raw poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

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