Cryptography Unit 2: Symmetric Key Algorithms and AES 2.1 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What operation is used to combine the plaintext with the key stream in RC4 encryption?

  • Multiplication
  • Bit-wise exclusive OR (correct)
  • Addition
  • Subtraction

What is used to generate the key stream in RC4 encryption?

  • Systematic multiplication
  • Pseudo-random generating technique (correct)
  • Exclusive AND operation
  • Bit shifting

Which organization banned the usage of RC4 in TLS protocols in 2015?

  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
  • United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
  • World Health Organization (WHO)
  • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (correct)

What additional investigation is required before implementing new systems using RC4?

<p>Security analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is RC4A+ in relation to the basic RC4 algorithm?

<p>A more complex version with a longer key schedule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of attack can be carried out if RC4 encryption is not used with a robust MAC?

<p>Bit-flipping attack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is authentication handled in RC4 stream ciphers?

<p><strong>Authentication</strong> is not possible using RC4 stream ciphers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what size range can the variable-length key have when initializing RC4?

<p><strong>Between 1 and 256 bytes</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of symmetric key algorithms?

<p>The sender and receiver must share the same secret key (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are symmetric key algorithms considered faster and more efficient?

<p>They require less computation compared to asymmetric key algorithms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In symmetric key algorithms, what happens if the sender and receiver do not share the secret key?

<p>The message cannot be decrypted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes symmetric key algorithms from asymmetric key algorithms in terms of security?

<p>They are considered less secure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of symmetric key algorithms makes them suitable for internet communication?

<p>Fast encryption and decryption capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the weaknesses found in DES in the last few years?

<p>Vulnerability to weak keys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property of DES is responsible for a small change in plaintext causing a significant change in ciphertext?

<p>Avalanche effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significant difference between DES and IDEA regarding key length?

<p>DES uses 56-bit keys, while IDEA uses 128-bit keys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In IDEA, what is the purpose of the XOR operations in each round?

<p>To introduce non-linearity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the output transformation step in IDEA after all rounds?

<p>Four sub-blocks are formed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the cryptographic strength of a symmetric key algorithm related to the size of the key used?

<p>Key size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of symmetric key algorithm is known for its efficiency and ease of implementation due to being based on a structure called a Feistel network?

<p>Feistel ciphers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes stream ciphers from block ciphers in terms of their encryption process?

<p>Faster and more efficient operation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the cryptographic strength of a symmetric key algorithm by increasing the number of times encryption and decryption processes are repeated?

<p>Number of rounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major drawback associated with symmetric key algorithms as compared to asymmetric key algorithms?

<p>Need for sharing secret keys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a block cipher?

<p>Ensures the same plaintext block encrypts to different ciphertext with the same key. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, what does the encryption scheme involve?

<p>XORing the plaintext with the prior ciphertext block prior to encryption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Output Feedback (OFB) mode in block ciphers?

<p>Employs an internal feedback structure independent of plaintext. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of DES (Data Encryption Standard)?

<p>Uses 8 bits of the key for check bits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the DES function apply to produce a 32-bit output?

<p>Expansion Permutation Box (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of the key used in IDEA encryption?

<p>128 bits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many rounds are there in the IDEA encryption process?

<p>8 rounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In IDEA encryption, what happens in the final step before producing the output?

<p>Four sub-keys (K49 to K52) are used in an output transformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of circular left shifts in generating sub-keys for different rounds in IDEA encryption?

<p>They help in mixing and shuffling the key bits effectively (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operation is NOT utilized in the rounds of IDEA encryption?

<p><em>Bitwise OR operation</em> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of operation is used to combine the plaintext with the key stream in RC4 encryption?

<p>Bitwise XOR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organization recommended limiting the use of RC4 encryption due to threat vulnerabilities?

<p>Microsoft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable drawback identified in using RC4 stream ciphers?

<p>Inability to operate with small data streams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Key-Scheduling Algorithm (KSA) in RC4 encryption?

<p>Generate the permutation of 256 available bytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant advantage of using RC4 stream ciphers?

<p>Simplicity in construction and ease of use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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