Cryptography Algorithms
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary way viruses, worms, and Trojan Horses cause damage?

  • By using asymmetric encryption
  • By exploiting weaknesses in buffer overflows (correct)
  • By using social engineering tactics
  • By exploiting vulnerabilities in firewalls

    • What is a buffer in the context of computer security?

  • A type of virus or malware
  • A type of encryption algorithm
  • A type of firewall rule
  • A allocated area of memory used by processes to store data temporarily (correct)

    • What is the primary goal of the Containment Phase in worm mitigation?

  • To patch the vulnerable software
  • To eradicate the worm from the network
  • To limit the spread of a worm infection to areas of the network that are already affected (correct)
  • To identify the source of the worm

    • What is a Trojan Horse in the context of computer security?

    <p>An entire application written to look like something else, when, in fact, it is an attack tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual result of a buffer overflow?

    <p>Extra data overwriting adjacent memory locations, as well as causing other unexpected behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of system and network administration staff in worm mitigation?

    <p>To show diligence and vigilance in mitigating worm attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using ACLs on routers and firewalls during the Containment Phase?

    <p>To segment the network and slow down or stop the worm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a virus and a worm?

    <p>A virus is attached to another program, while a worm executes arbitrary code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Inoculation Phase in worm mitigation?

    <p>To run parallel to or subsequent to the Containment Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common software vulnerability that can be exploited by viruses, worms, and Trojan Horses?

    <p>Buffer overflows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    3DES

    • 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Algorithm) is an encryption algorithm
    • It has three phases: encryption, decryption, and decryption

    Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange

    • The Diffie-Hellman algorithm is used for key exchange
    • It is commonly used in IPsec VPN, SSL/TLS, and SSH
    • It is not an encryption mechanism and is not used for bulk encryption
    • It is used to create keys for symmetric algorithms

    Symmetric vs Asymmetric Key Algorithms

    • Symmetric key algorithms use the same key for encryption and decryption
    • Asymmetric key algorithms use a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption
    • Asymmetric algorithms provide confidentiality and authentication

    Limitations of Firewalls

    • Firewalls cannot protect against attacks bypassing the firewall
    • Firewalls may not protect against internal threats
    • Improperly secured wireless LANs can be accessed from outside the organization
    • Infected laptops or devices can be used internally

    Bastion Hosts

    • A bastion host is a secure system that serves as a platform for application-level or circuit-level gateways
    • Characteristics of bastion hosts include:
      • Runs a secure operating system with only essential services
      • Requires user authentication to access the proxy or host
      • Proxies can restrict features and hosts accessed
      • Each proxy is small, simple, and checked for security
      • Each proxy is independent and non-privileged
      • Limited disk use, with read-only code

    Zero-Day Attacks

    • A zero-day attack is a computer attack that exploits software vulnerabilities
    • Worms and viruses can spread rapidly across the world
    • Zero-hour describes the moment when the exploit is discovered

    IDS (Intrusion Detection System)

    • IDS monitors traffic offline and generates an alert when malicious traffic is detected
    • Advantages of IDS include:
      • Works passively
      • Requires traffic to be mirrored
      • Does not slow network traffic
      • Allows some malicious traffic into the network

    Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses

    • A virus is malicious software attached to another program to execute unwanted functions
    • A worm executes arbitrary code and installs copies of itself in the infected computer's memory
    • A Trojan horse is a malicious program disguised as a legitimate application
    • Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses can be mitigated by:
      • Installing antivirus software
      • Keeping software up-to-date
      • Avoiding suspicious emails and attachments

    Buffer Overflows

    • A buffer is an allocated area of memory used to store data temporarily
    • A buffer overflow occurs when a process attempts to store data beyond the buffer's capacity
    • Buffer overflows can result in data overwriting adjacent memory locations and causing unexpected behaviors
    • Buffer overflows are a primary conduit for viruses, worms, and Trojan horses

    Worm Mitigation

    • Worm attack mitigation requires diligence from system and network administration staff
    • A four-phase process is used to mitigate an active worm attack:
      • Containment Phase: Limits the spread of the worm infection to already affected areas
      • Inoculation Phase: Runs parallel to or subsequent to the containment phase

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    Description

    Quiz about different cryptography algorithms, including 3DES, Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, and Symmetric vs Asymmetric Key Algorithms.

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