Cross-Cultural Studies on Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What was the aim of the study done by Kashima & Triandis?

To see the relationship between individualism and collectivism and the shelving bias and modesty bias.

What method was used to assess for attribution in the study by Kashima & Triandis?

Participants were given a questionnaire.

According to the study by Kashima & Triandis, how did Japanese participants tend to explain their failures?

  • Outside factors
  • Themselves (correct)
  • A combination of both
  • None of the above

    • According to the study by Kashima & Triandis, how did American participants tend to explain their successes?

    <p>Themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Bond and Smith?

    <p>To use the Asch paradigm in seeing conformity cross culturally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Bond and Smith use to collect data for their study on conformity?

    <p>They looked at psychology databases, such as PsycINFO.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bond and Smith's study, where was conformity found to be highest?

    <p>Collectivist cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Bond and Smith's study, what is the relationship between group size and conformity?

    <p>The larger a group who shares beliefs and values, the more likely they were to conform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Chen?

    <p>To see cultural differences on consumer impatience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Chen use to investigate cultural differences in consumer impatience?

    <p>Participants were presented with an online shopping scenario and asked to rate their willingness to wait for standard delivery or pay for expedited delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Chen’s study, what was the correlation between Western influence and participants' impatience?

    <p>Western influence led to lower levels of impatience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Shah?

    <p>To see the relationship between enculturation and obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Shah use to assess for obesity in his study?

    <p>A mandatory health screening was issued, which looked at weight, blood pressure, and BM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Shah's study, what was the correlation between length of stay in the UAE and obesity?

    <p>Longer stays in the UAE were associated with higher rates of obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Odden and Rochat?

    <p>To see how children learned from parents and peers by observing them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Odden and Rochat use to observe children's learning in their study?

    <p>They observed children in different settings such as family events and community activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Odden and Rochat's study, what did the researchers observe about the children's learning?

    <p>Children learned significantly from both parents and peers through observation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Nisbett & Cohen?

    <p>To see if Southern male participants were more aggressive than Northern male participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Nisbett & Cohen use to induce aggression in their study?

    <p>A confederate bumped the participant on the shoulder and said a curse word to them after the participant completed a survey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Nisbett & Cohen's study, what was the relationship between region and cortisol levels in response to aggression?

    <p>Southern participants exhibited significantly higher increases in cortisol compared to Northern participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the aim of the study done by Yelsma & Athappilly?

    <p>To see if there is a difference between arranged marriage and love marriages in their level of marital satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method did Yelsma & Athappilly use to assess marital satisfaction in their study?

    <p>They used the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, which measures intimacy and commitment in relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Yelsma & Athappilly's study, what was the relationship between marriage type and marital satisfaction?

    <p>Arranged marriages had significantly higher levels of satisfaction compared to love marriages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cross-Cultural Studies on Behavior

    • Kashima & Triandis Study: Examined the relationship between individualism/collectivism and the "self-serving bias" in attributing success/failure.

      • Japanese participants attributed success to external factors and failures to themselves.
      • American participants attributed success to themselves and failures to external factors.
      • Sample included Japanese students and American students pursuing course credit.

    • Bond & Smith Study: Explored conformity across cultures using the Asch paradigm.

      • Found higher conformity rates in collectivist cultures (e.g., Asia).
      • Lower conformity rates in individualistic cultures (e.g., US).
      • Data gathered from various conformity studies using the Asch paradigm.

    • Chen Study: Investigated cultural differences regarding consumer impatience.

      • Singaporean and American students were compared.
      • Participants were presented with an online shopping scenario involving a novel.
      • Participants with Western influence were more likely to wait for standard delivery, while those with Eastern influence preferred quicker delivery.

    • Shah Study: Examined the relationship between enculturation and obesity among South Asian workers in the UAE.

      • Compared a sample of South Asian workers to a baseline comparison group.
      • Health screenings (weight, blood pressure, BMI) were used, along with questionnaires about lifestyle.
      • Participants who stayed longer in the UAE had higher rates of obesity compared to those in their home country.

    • Odden & Rochat Study: Observed the process of enculturation in a Samoan village.

      • 25-month study focusing on 28 children.
      • Children learned about societal roles and skills (e.g., fishing, household chores) through observation.
      • Children learned crucial societal skills such as fishing and household skills without explicit instruction.

    • Nisbett & Cohen Study: Examined the relationship between culture and aggression in Southern and Northern US men.

      • Sampled Southern and Northern white males.
      • Observed reactions to a confederate bumping into them and using insulting language.
      • Southern participants exhibited more aggression (80% increase in cortisol), and Northern participants reacted less aggressively

    • Yelsma & Athappilly Study: Compared arranged marriages (Indian) and love marriages (American) in terms of marital satisfaction.

      • Collected data from American and Indian couples.
      • Assessment of communication, using communication inventory, and marriage satisfaction, using Dyadic Adjustment Scale were completed.
      • Arranged marriages were associated with higher marital satisfaction.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key studies in cross-cultural psychology, focusing on how individualism and collectivism influence behaviors such as self-serving bias and conformity. It analyzes findings from Kashima & Triandis, Bond & Smith, and Chen to reveal the impact of cultural backgrounds on psychological traits and consumer behavior.

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