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What is the most influential starting point for studying cross-cultural and interlinguistic politeness?
What is the most influential starting point for studying cross-cultural and interlinguistic politeness?
Brown and Levinson (1987)
Who has provoked countervailing arguments against Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness?
Who has provoked countervailing arguments against Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness?
Ide, Matsumoto, Gu, Mao
What is the main claim of countervailing arguments against Brown and Levinson’s model?
What is the main claim of countervailing arguments against Brown and Levinson’s model?
Claiming a Western bias, particularly in their construal of the concept of ‘face’ and their assumption of individualistic and egalitarian motivations
According to countervailing arguments, what is the supposed ethos of Eastern societies in contrast to the Western bias in Brown and Levinson’s model?
According to countervailing arguments, what is the supposed ethos of Eastern societies in contrast to the Western bias in Brown and Levinson’s model?
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What does the article present as a pragmatic framework for studying linguistic politeness phenomena in communication?
What does the article present as a pragmatic framework for studying linguistic politeness phenomena in communication?
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