Crop Variety Improvement and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary goal of crop variety improvement?

  • Higher yield (correct)
  • Reducing the need for irrigation
  • Eliminating all pests
  • Increasing crop prices

    • Which process allows the combination of beneficial traits from different plants?

  • Hybridisation (correct)
  • Genetic erosion
  • Soil treatment
  • Plant harvesting

    • What type of nutrients are needed by plants in large amounts?

  • Secondary nutrients
  • Micronutrients
  • Trace elements
  • Macronutrients (correct)

    • What is one of the advantages of genetically modified crops?

    <p>They may contain engineered traits for improved resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of mixed cropping?

    <p>It minimizes the risk of total crop failure due to varying crop maturities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do manures differ from fertilizers?

    <p>Fertilizers are specific to certain nutrients and don't add humus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves alternating rows of different crops?

    <p>Inter cropping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of mixed cropping?

    <p>Requires simultaneous use of specialized machinery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hybridisation occurs between two different species of the same genus?

    <p>Interspecific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a desirable agronomic character for specific crops?

    <p>Increased water usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of crop rotation?

    <p>Improves the fertility of the soil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of micronutrients?

    <p>They are needed in very small amounts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of crops is an example of inter cropping?

    <p>Soybean and Maize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does inter cropping help prevent the spread of pests?

    <p>By diversifying the crop types in close proximity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines mixed cropping?

    <p>Simultaneously growing different crops in the same space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a disadvantage of inter cropping?

    <p>Makes pest management more complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of mixing seeds of two different crops before sowing?

    <p>It causes difficulty in fertilizer application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can help control weed growth effectively?

    <p>Growing resistant crop varieties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of summer ploughing?

    <p>To kill weeds and pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is weed control essential for crops?

    <p>Weeds consume resources needed by crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called for removing weeds from crop fields?

    <p>Weeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of weeding?

    <p>Crop rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the biological weed control method?

    <p>It employs selective insects to target weeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a reason why weeds are harmful to crops?

    <p>They occupy space meant for crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is effective in controlling weed growth?

    <p>Timely sowing of crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pesticide is designed specifically to kill fungi?

    <p>Fungicides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for the safe storage of grains?

    <p>To ensure availability throughout the year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of non-perishable food materials?

    <p>They do not spoil even over long periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of damage is caused by insect pests that suck sap from plants?

    <p>Removing leaves and causing wilting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pests such as insects and rodents a concern for stored grains?

    <p>They reduce the market value of grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a nematicide?

    <p>Metalaxyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the need for grain storage?

    <p>Storage is necessary for regular, year-round consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding?

    <p>It enables the insemination of multiple cows with a single bull's semen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common disease in animals?

    <p>Influenza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of poultry is primarily raised for egg production?

    <p>Layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice to prevent diseases in poultry farming?

    <p>Regularly vaccinating animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between capture fisheries and culture fisheries?

    <p>Culture fisheries involve breeding fish in controlled environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is NOT desirable in improved poultry varieties?

    <p>High tolerance to cold environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following poultry breeds is classified as indigenous?

    <p>Assel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of storing sperm at freezing temperatures in artificial insemination?

    <p>To ensure sperm viability and longevity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crop Variety Improvement

    • Aims for higher yield and better quality in crops.
    • Enhances resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, including diseases and pests.
    • Optimizes agronomic traits, such as dwarfness, increased branching, and enhanced fertilizer responsiveness.
    • Develops crops that are adaptable to varied climatic conditions for production stabilization.
    • Facilitates early maturation and improved fertilizer responses.
    • Achieved through plant breeding techniques: selection or hybridization.
    • Hybridization combines favorable traits from two plants across different levels: intervarietal, interspecific, and intergeneric.
    • Genetic engineering enables the introduction of specific desirable genes, resulting in Genetically Modified (GM) crops.

    Crop Production Management

    • Comprises nutrient requirements, irrigation, and cropping patterns.
    • Nutrients are categorized into:
      • Macronutrients: Required in large amounts (e.g., N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S).
      • Micronutrients: Required in trace amounts (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn).
    • Nutrient sources include air (C, O), water (H), and soil (various minerals).
    • Essential nutrients for plant growth primarily include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).

    Differences Between Manures and Fertilizers

    • Manure:
      • Composed of partially decayed organic matter from waste.
      • Not nutrient-specific; improves overall soil health.
      • Contributes humus to the soil.
    • Fertilizers:
      • Chemical compounds with specific nutrient content.
      • Target specific nutrient deficiencies without improving soil humus levels.

    Cropping Patterns

    • Strategies for maximizing crop yield:
      • Mixed Cropping: Growing multiple crops together, ensuring varied maturation times. Benefits include labor efficiency, reduced soil nutrient depletion, and lower pest risks.
      • Inter Cropping: Alternates rows of different crops, allowing better nutrient utilization and pest control.
      • Crop Rotation: Growing different crops sequentially to improve soil fertility, pest management, and crop quality.

    Crop Protection Management

    • Focuses on managing threats from weeds, pests, and diseases.
    • Strategies include using resistant varieties, optimal sowing timing, and crop rotation.
    • Manual or chemical weeding methods, including weedicides (e.g., 2,4-D), are essential in controlling weed growth.
    • Pest control via pesticides categorized as fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, rodenticides, and herbicides.

    Storage of Grains

    • Importance of safe grain storage for year-round availability and buffering against emergencies.
    • Differentiates between:
      • Perishable foods: Require cold storage (e.g., fruits, vegetables).
      • Non-perishable foods: Can be stored dry (e.g., grains, pulses) in bags or silos.

    Artificial Insemination

    • A method in animal breeding where high-quality bull semen is introduced to healthy females during the fertility period.
    • Advantages include increased breeding efficiency and quality progeny without the need for animal transport.

    Poultry Farming

    • Involves raising birds for eggs (layers) and meat (broilers).
    • Indigenous and exotic breeds are cultivated for specific traits.
    • Focus on improving chick quality, temperature adaptability, and reducing maintenance needs.
    • Key management practices include sanitation, hygienic disposal of waste, and regular vaccinations.

    Fish Farming (Pisciculture)

    • Concerns breeding fish in controlled environments like ponds.
    • Types include:
      • Capture fisheries: Direct capture from natural habitats.
      • Culture fisheries: Fish cultivated in man-made aquatic environments.

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    Description

    Explore the innovations in crop variety improvement aimed at enhancing yield, quality, and resilience against stresses. This quiz also covers key aspects of crop production management, focusing on nutrient requirements and optimal irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture.

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