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Questions and Answers
What is a primary goal of crop variety improvement?
What is a primary goal of crop variety improvement?
Which process allows the combination of beneficial traits from different plants?
Which process allows the combination of beneficial traits from different plants?
What type of nutrients are needed by plants in large amounts?
What type of nutrients are needed by plants in large amounts?
What is one of the advantages of genetically modified crops?
What is one of the advantages of genetically modified crops?
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What is the main advantage of mixed cropping?
What is the main advantage of mixed cropping?
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How do manures differ from fertilizers?
How do manures differ from fertilizers?
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Which method involves alternating rows of different crops?
Which method involves alternating rows of different crops?
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Which of the following is NOT an advantage of mixed cropping?
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of mixed cropping?
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What type of hybridisation occurs between two different species of the same genus?
What type of hybridisation occurs between two different species of the same genus?
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Which of the following is NOT a desirable agronomic character for specific crops?
Which of the following is NOT a desirable agronomic character for specific crops?
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What is a benefit of crop rotation?
What is a benefit of crop rotation?
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What is a characteristic of micronutrients?
What is a characteristic of micronutrients?
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Which pair of crops is an example of inter cropping?
Which pair of crops is an example of inter cropping?
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How does inter cropping help prevent the spread of pests?
How does inter cropping help prevent the spread of pests?
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What defines mixed cropping?
What defines mixed cropping?
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Which is a disadvantage of inter cropping?
Which is a disadvantage of inter cropping?
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What is a disadvantage of mixing seeds of two different crops before sowing?
What is a disadvantage of mixing seeds of two different crops before sowing?
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Which method can help control weed growth effectively?
Which method can help control weed growth effectively?
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What is the purpose of summer ploughing?
What is the purpose of summer ploughing?
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Why is weed control essential for crops?
Why is weed control essential for crops?
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What is the process called for removing weeds from crop fields?
What is the process called for removing weeds from crop fields?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of weeding?
Which of the following is NOT a method of weeding?
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What is a characteristic of the biological weed control method?
What is a characteristic of the biological weed control method?
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Which of these is a reason why weeds are harmful to crops?
Which of these is a reason why weeds are harmful to crops?
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Which of the following methods is effective in controlling weed growth?
Which of the following methods is effective in controlling weed growth?
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Which type of pesticide is designed specifically to kill fungi?
Which type of pesticide is designed specifically to kill fungi?
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What is one of the reasons for the safe storage of grains?
What is one of the reasons for the safe storage of grains?
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What is a characteristic of non-perishable food materials?
What is a characteristic of non-perishable food materials?
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What type of damage is caused by insect pests that suck sap from plants?
What type of damage is caused by insect pests that suck sap from plants?
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Why are pests such as insects and rodents a concern for stored grains?
Why are pests such as insects and rodents a concern for stored grains?
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Which of the following is an example of a nematicide?
Which of the following is an example of a nematicide?
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What can be inferred about the need for grain storage?
What can be inferred about the need for grain storage?
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What is the primary advantage of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding?
What is the primary advantage of using artificial insemination in cattle breeding?
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Which of the following is NOT a common disease in animals?
Which of the following is NOT a common disease in animals?
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Which type of poultry is primarily raised for egg production?
Which type of poultry is primarily raised for egg production?
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What is a recommended practice to prevent diseases in poultry farming?
What is a recommended practice to prevent diseases in poultry farming?
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What is the main difference between capture fisheries and culture fisheries?
What is the main difference between capture fisheries and culture fisheries?
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Which trait is NOT desirable in improved poultry varieties?
Which trait is NOT desirable in improved poultry varieties?
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Which of the following poultry breeds is classified as indigenous?
Which of the following poultry breeds is classified as indigenous?
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What is the purpose of storing sperm at freezing temperatures in artificial insemination?
What is the purpose of storing sperm at freezing temperatures in artificial insemination?
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Study Notes
Crop Variety Improvement
- Aims for higher yield and better quality in crops.
- Enhances resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, including diseases and pests.
- Optimizes agronomic traits, such as dwarfness, increased branching, and enhanced fertilizer responsiveness.
- Develops crops that are adaptable to varied climatic conditions for production stabilization.
- Facilitates early maturation and improved fertilizer responses.
- Achieved through plant breeding techniques: selection or hybridization.
- Hybridization combines favorable traits from two plants across different levels: intervarietal, interspecific, and intergeneric.
- Genetic engineering enables the introduction of specific desirable genes, resulting in Genetically Modified (GM) crops.
Crop Production Management
- Comprises nutrient requirements, irrigation, and cropping patterns.
- Nutrients are categorized into:
- Macronutrients: Required in large amounts (e.g., N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S).
- Micronutrients: Required in trace amounts (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn).
- Nutrient sources include air (C, O), water (H), and soil (various minerals).
- Essential nutrients for plant growth primarily include nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
Differences Between Manures and Fertilizers
-
Manure:
- Composed of partially decayed organic matter from waste.
- Not nutrient-specific; improves overall soil health.
- Contributes humus to the soil.
-
Fertilizers:
- Chemical compounds with specific nutrient content.
- Target specific nutrient deficiencies without improving soil humus levels.
Cropping Patterns
- Strategies for maximizing crop yield:
- Mixed Cropping: Growing multiple crops together, ensuring varied maturation times. Benefits include labor efficiency, reduced soil nutrient depletion, and lower pest risks.
- Inter Cropping: Alternates rows of different crops, allowing better nutrient utilization and pest control.
- Crop Rotation: Growing different crops sequentially to improve soil fertility, pest management, and crop quality.
Crop Protection Management
- Focuses on managing threats from weeds, pests, and diseases.
- Strategies include using resistant varieties, optimal sowing timing, and crop rotation.
- Manual or chemical weeding methods, including weedicides (e.g., 2,4-D), are essential in controlling weed growth.
- Pest control via pesticides categorized as fungicides, insecticides, nematicides, rodenticides, and herbicides.
Storage of Grains
- Importance of safe grain storage for year-round availability and buffering against emergencies.
- Differentiates between:
- Perishable foods: Require cold storage (e.g., fruits, vegetables).
- Non-perishable foods: Can be stored dry (e.g., grains, pulses) in bags or silos.
Artificial Insemination
- A method in animal breeding where high-quality bull semen is introduced to healthy females during the fertility period.
- Advantages include increased breeding efficiency and quality progeny without the need for animal transport.
Poultry Farming
- Involves raising birds for eggs (layers) and meat (broilers).
- Indigenous and exotic breeds are cultivated for specific traits.
- Focus on improving chick quality, temperature adaptability, and reducing maintenance needs.
- Key management practices include sanitation, hygienic disposal of waste, and regular vaccinations.
Fish Farming (Pisciculture)
- Concerns breeding fish in controlled environments like ponds.
- Types include:
- Capture fisheries: Direct capture from natural habitats.
- Culture fisheries: Fish cultivated in man-made aquatic environments.
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Description
Explore the innovations in crop variety improvement aimed at enhancing yield, quality, and resilience against stresses. This quiz also covers key aspects of crop production management, focusing on nutrient requirements and optimal irrigation practices for sustainable agriculture.
