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By @jaysung

Criticisms of Leadership Styles

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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind effective leadership according to the text?

Leaders should adapt their style to meet followers' needs.

What is the primary focus of the Path-Goal Theory?

The relationship between leaders and followers.

According to the Situational Leadership Model, what do effective leaders need to determine about their followers?

Their competence and commitment levels.

What is a key tenet of the Situational Leadership Model?

<p>Leaders can enact both directive and supportive dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the Situational Leadership Model and the Path-Goal Theory?

<p>Leadership style adaptation vs. followers' motivational needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a practical implication of the Situational Leadership Model for leaders?

<p>Adapt their leadership style to the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the developmental continuum in the Situational Leadership Model?

<p>Followers move forward and backward along the continuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common theme between the Situational Leadership Model and the Path-Goal Theory?

<p>Importance of considering followers' needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of leadership emergence in the context of the text?

<p>The role of genetics in shaping leadership styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between transformational leadership and the Situational Leadership Model?

<p>Emphasis on transformational change vs. situational adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the New Leadership approach compared to other leadership approaches?

<p>It sees leaders as defining organizational reality through their vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common questions about leadership are not fully answered by the trait, behavioral, and situational approaches?

<p>Why followers value the collective vision over their individual goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Charismatic leadership a part of?

<p>The New Leadership approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are agents of change according to the New Leadership approach?

<p>Leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the New Leadership approach?

<p>The leader's ability to transform followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Visionary leadership a part of?

<p>The New Leadership approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do leaders use to transform followers according to the New Leadership approach?

<p>Emotional appeals and symbolic gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the leader's transformation of followers according to the New Leadership approach?

<p>Followers become highly inspired, energized, and motivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of charismatic leaders according to Weber's definition?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of charismatic leadership according to the text?

<p>Management of meaning, emotions, and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Dow's definition, what is a key aspect of the charismatic leader-follower relationship?

<p>Belief in the leader's extraordinary qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the attributional perspective on charismatic leadership?

<p>It emphasizes the follower's attribution of charisma to the leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement that charismatic leadership is an attribution made by followers?

<p>Charisma is a subjective interpretation by followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between charismatic leadership and other leadership styles?

<p>Charismatic leaders have extraordinary qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Shamir et al.'s work on charismatic leadership?

<p>Attributional perspective on charisma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the statement that charismatic leaders are managers of meaning, emotions, and change?

<p>Charismatic leaders influence follower emotions and meaning-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major criticism of the Situational Leadership approach?

<p>It relies too heavily on follower perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key idea underlying Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership?

<p>Leaders can be effective in one situation but not in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Situational Leadership approach, what is the key to effective leadership?

<p>Adapting to the demands of different situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dimension of the situation described by Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership?

<p>Leader-member relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the Situational Leadership approach, according to some critics?

<p>It is too US-centered and neglects cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a difference between the Situational Leadership approach and the trait approach?

<p>The Situational Leadership approach focuses on situation, while the trait approach focuses on leader traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the Situational Leadership approach, according to some researchers?

<p>Leaders need to adapt their style to different situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key idea underlying the Situational Leadership approach, according to the text?

<p>Leadership is dependent on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a leader's role behavior convey to followers?

<p>A leader's task, social, or charismatic style</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with charismatic leadership according to research?

<p>High performance goals, high work effort, and intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of transformational leadership?

<p>How leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between a leader's behavior and how followers perceive them?

<p>A leader's behavior determines how followers perceive them</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do followers perceive in a leader's role behavior?

<p>A leader's task, social, or charismatic style</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of charismatic leadership on followers?

<p>High job satisfaction and low turnover intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of research on charismatic leadership?

<p>The association between charismatic leadership and follower outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of charismatic leadership?

<p>A leader's ability to inspire followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of transformational leadership?

<p>To develop and empower followers to achieve their full potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who refuted the previous work of Burns (1978) and House (1976) in the 1980s?

<p>Bass</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does transformational leadership motivate followers to do?

<p>To do more than expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary emphasis of transformational leadership?

<p>Intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model that includes transformational leadership?

<p>The Full Range Leadership Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emotional component of leadership in transformational leadership?

<p>Idealized influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of transformational leadership in terms of follower development?

<p>To address followers' higher-level needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of transformational leadership in times of uncertainty?

<p>It inspires and empowers followers to succeed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Criticisms of Leadership Theories

  • The way leaders adapt their behaviors to situations and people is unclear
  • Most studies rely on followers' perceptions of leadership rather than actual behavior
  • No universal leadership style has been found to be the most effective
  • This approach is extremely US-centered and recent studies show that important cultural differences exist

Situational Leadership

  • The best leadership style is contingent to the situations leaders are in and to the people they work with
  • Different situations demand different kinds of leadership
  • Effective leadership requires that people adapt their style to the demands of different situations

Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership

  • Leaders can be effective in a certain situation but not in another
  • The situation can be described along three key dimensions:
    • Leader-member relations (Poor/Good)
    • Task structure (Low/High)
    • Position power (Weak/Strong)
  • Leaders have a stable leadership style and cannot change their style to suit the situation
  • Two solutions: change the leader who best matches the situation or change the situation

Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model

  • Leadership is composed of two distinct dimensions:
    • Directive dimension
    • Supportive dimension
  • Leaders can adapt their style over time and must continuously assess the situation as well as the competence/motivation of their teams
  • Effective leaders are those who can recognize what followers need and adapt their style to meet those needs

Key Tenets of the Model

  • Directive and supportive dimensions are independent – leaders can enact both!
  • The combinations of directive and supportive dimensions create four leadership styles:
    • Delegating
    • Supporting
    • Coaching
    • Directing
  • Followers move forward and backward along the developmental continuum – competence and commitment
  • Effective leaders have to determine where followers are on the developmental continuum to adapt their leadership styles

Path-Goal Theory

  • Focuses on the relationship with followers and the attention to their needs and motivations
  • Explains how leaders motivate followers to be productive and satisfied with their work
  • Leaders should use leadership style that best meets followers' motivational needs – that is, what's missing!

Criticisms of Leadership Theories

  • The way leaders adapt to situations and people is unclear
  • Most studies rely on followers' perceptions rather than actual behavior
  • No universal leadership style has been found to be the most effective
  • The approach is extremely US-centered, ignoring cultural differences

Situational Leadership

  • The best leadership style is contingent on the situation and people
  • Different situations demand different kinds of leadership
  • Effective leadership requires adapting style to the demands of different situations

Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership

  • Leaders can be effective in one situation but not in another
  • The situation can be described along three key dimensions:
    • Leader-member relations (Poor/Good)
    • Task structure (Low/High)
  • Effective leaders have good relationships with their subordinates and adapt to the situation

Charismatic Leadership

  • Charismatic leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things
  • Associated with high performance goals, work effort, and intrinsic motivation
  • Followers have job satisfaction, trust, and confidence in the leader
  • Less workplace deviance, turnover intentions, and burnout

Transformational Leadership

  • Looks at how leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things
  • Focuses on emotional appeals, symbolic gestures, and influence mechanisms
  • Transforms followers into highly inspired, energized, and motivated teams
  • The New Leadership approach sees leaders as agents of change who define organizational reality

The Full Range Leadership Model

  • Transformational leadership motivates followers to do more than expected
  • Raises followers' levels of consciousness about the importance of goals
  • Gets followers to transcend their own self-interest for the team or organization
  • Moves followers to address higher-level needs

The Four Factors of Transformational Leadership

Idealized Influence

  • Represents the emotional component of leadership
  • Managers of meaning, emotions, and change rather than influence

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