Criticisms of Leadership Styles
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Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind effective leadership according to the text?

  • Leaders should focus on their own leadership traits.
  • Leaders should prioritize their own motivations over followers' needs.
  • Leaders should adapt their style to meet followers' needs. (correct)
  • Leaders should use a single leadership style for all followers.

    • What is the primary focus of the Path-Goal Theory?

  • The adaptation of leadership styles to situations.
  • The traits of effective leaders.
  • The relationship between leaders and followers. (correct)
  • The development of followers' competencies.

    • According to the Situational Leadership Model, what do effective leaders need to determine about their followers?

  • Their genetic influences on leadership emergence.
  • Their leadership style preferences.
  • Their competence and commitment levels. (correct)
  • Their motivational needs.

    • What is a key tenet of the Situational Leadership Model?

    <p>Leaders can enact both directive and supportive dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the Situational Leadership Model and the Path-Goal Theory?

    <p>Leadership style adaptation vs. followers' motivational needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a practical implication of the Situational Leadership Model for leaders?

    <p>Adapt their leadership style to the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the developmental continuum in the Situational Leadership Model?

    <p>Followers move forward and backward along the continuum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common theme between the Situational Leadership Model and the Path-Goal Theory?

    <p>Importance of considering followers' needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of leadership emergence in the context of the text?

    <p>The role of genetics in shaping leadership styles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between transformational leadership and the Situational Leadership Model?

    <p>Emphasis on transformational change vs. situational adaptation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the New Leadership approach compared to other leadership approaches?

    <p>It sees leaders as defining organizational reality through their vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common questions about leadership are not fully answered by the trait, behavioral, and situational approaches?

    <p>Why followers value the collective vision over their individual goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Charismatic leadership a part of?

    <p>The New Leadership approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are agents of change according to the New Leadership approach?

    <p>Leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the New Leadership approach?

    <p>The leader's ability to transform followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Visionary leadership a part of?

    <p>The New Leadership approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do leaders use to transform followers according to the New Leadership approach?

    <p>Emotional appeals and symbolic gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the leader's transformation of followers according to the New Leadership approach?

    <p>Followers become highly inspired, energized, and motivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of charismatic leaders according to Weber's definition?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of charismatic leadership according to the text?

    <p>Management of meaning, emotions, and change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Dow's definition, what is a key aspect of the charismatic leader-follower relationship?

    <p>Belief in the leader's extraordinary qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attributional perspective on charismatic leadership?

    <p>It emphasizes the follower's attribution of charisma to the leader</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the statement that charismatic leadership is an attribution made by followers?

    <p>Charisma is a subjective interpretation by followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between charismatic leadership and other leadership styles?

    <p>Charismatic leaders have extraordinary qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Shamir et al.'s work on charismatic leadership?

    <p>Attributional perspective on charisma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the statement that charismatic leaders are managers of meaning, emotions, and change?

    <p>Charismatic leaders influence follower emotions and meaning-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major criticism of the Situational Leadership approach?

    <p>It relies too heavily on follower perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key idea underlying Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership?

    <p>Leaders can be effective in one situation but not in another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Situational Leadership approach, what is the key to effective leadership?

    <p>Adapting to the demands of different situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dimension of the situation described by Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership?

    <p>Leader-member relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the Situational Leadership approach, according to some critics?

    <p>It is too US-centered and neglects cultural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a difference between the Situational Leadership approach and the trait approach?

    <p>The Situational Leadership approach focuses on situation, while the trait approach focuses on leader traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the Situational Leadership approach, according to some researchers?

    <p>Leaders need to adapt their style to different situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key idea underlying the Situational Leadership approach, according to the text?

    <p>Leadership is dependent on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a leader's role behavior convey to followers?

    <p>A leader's task, social, or charismatic style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with charismatic leadership according to research?

    <p>High performance goals, high work effort, and intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of transformational leadership?

    <p>How leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between a leader's behavior and how followers perceive them?

    <p>A leader's behavior determines how followers perceive them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do followers perceive in a leader's role behavior?

    <p>A leader's task, social, or charismatic style</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of charismatic leadership on followers?

    <p>High job satisfaction and low turnover intentions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of research on charismatic leadership?

    <p>The association between charismatic leadership and follower outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key aspect of charismatic leadership?

    <p>A leader's ability to inspire followers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of transformational leadership?

    <p>To develop and empower followers to achieve their full potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who refuted the previous work of Burns (1978) and House (1976) in the 1980s?

    <p>Bass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transformational leadership motivate followers to do?

    <p>To do more than expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary emphasis of transformational leadership?

    <p>Intrinsic motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the model that includes transformational leadership?

    <p>The Full Range Leadership Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emotional component of leadership in transformational leadership?

    <p>Idealized influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of transformational leadership in terms of follower development?

    <p>To address followers' higher-level needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of transformational leadership in times of uncertainty?

    <p>It inspires and empowers followers to succeed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Criticisms of Leadership Theories

    • The way leaders adapt their behaviors to situations and people is unclear
    • Most studies rely on followers' perceptions of leadership rather than actual behavior
    • No universal leadership style has been found to be the most effective
    • This approach is extremely US-centered and recent studies show that important cultural differences exist

    Situational Leadership

    • The best leadership style is contingent to the situations leaders are in and to the people they work with
    • Different situations demand different kinds of leadership
    • Effective leadership requires that people adapt their style to the demands of different situations

    Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership

    • Leaders can be effective in a certain situation but not in another
    • The situation can be described along three key dimensions:
      • Leader-member relations (Poor/Good)
      • Task structure (Low/High)
      • Position power (Weak/Strong)
    • Leaders have a stable leadership style and cannot change their style to suit the situation
    • Two solutions: change the leader who best matches the situation or change the situation

    Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model

    • Leadership is composed of two distinct dimensions:
      • Directive dimension
      • Supportive dimension
    • Leaders can adapt their style over time and must continuously assess the situation as well as the competence/motivation of their teams
    • Effective leaders are those who can recognize what followers need and adapt their style to meet those needs

    Key Tenets of the Model

    • Directive and supportive dimensions are independent – leaders can enact both!
    • The combinations of directive and supportive dimensions create four leadership styles:
      • Delegating
      • Supporting
      • Coaching
      • Directing
    • Followers move forward and backward along the developmental continuum – competence and commitment
    • Effective leaders have to determine where followers are on the developmental continuum to adapt their leadership styles

    Path-Goal Theory

    • Focuses on the relationship with followers and the attention to their needs and motivations
    • Explains how leaders motivate followers to be productive and satisfied with their work
    • Leaders should use leadership style that best meets followers' motivational needs – that is, what's missing!

    Criticisms of Leadership Theories

    • The way leaders adapt to situations and people is unclear
    • Most studies rely on followers' perceptions rather than actual behavior
    • No universal leadership style has been found to be the most effective
    • The approach is extremely US-centered, ignoring cultural differences

    Situational Leadership

    • The best leadership style is contingent on the situation and people
    • Different situations demand different kinds of leadership
    • Effective leadership requires adapting style to the demands of different situations

    Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership

    • Leaders can be effective in one situation but not in another
    • The situation can be described along three key dimensions:
      • Leader-member relations (Poor/Good)
      • Task structure (Low/High)
    • Effective leaders have good relationships with their subordinates and adapt to the situation

    Charismatic Leadership

    • Charismatic leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things
    • Associated with high performance goals, work effort, and intrinsic motivation
    • Followers have job satisfaction, trust, and confidence in the leader
    • Less workplace deviance, turnover intentions, and burnout

    Transformational Leadership

    • Looks at how leaders inspire followers to accomplish great things
    • Focuses on emotional appeals, symbolic gestures, and influence mechanisms
    • Transforms followers into highly inspired, energized, and motivated teams
    • The New Leadership approach sees leaders as agents of change who define organizational reality

    The Full Range Leadership Model

    • Transformational leadership motivates followers to do more than expected
    • Raises followers' levels of consciousness about the importance of goals
    • Gets followers to transcend their own self-interest for the team or organization
    • Moves followers to address higher-level needs

    The Four Factors of Transformational Leadership

    Idealized Influence

    • Represents the emotional component of leadership
    • Managers of meaning, emotions, and change rather than influence

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    Description

    This quiz assesses criticisms of leadership styles, including adaptability, perceptions, and cultural differences. It highlights the limitations of current approaches and the need for a more nuanced understanding of leadership.

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