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Questions and Answers
What term does Merton use to describe scientists' willingness to share their findings?
What term does Merton use to describe scientists' willingness to share their findings?
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology as mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology as mentioned in the text?
What is one of the essential components of the scientific method, as discussed in the text?
What is one of the essential components of the scientific method, as discussed in the text?
Which term comes from the Greek term 'skeptikos' and requires considering information carefully?
Which term comes from the Greek term 'skeptikos' and requires considering information carefully?
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Which phrase do good scientists tend to avoid when describing their findings?
Which phrase do good scientists tend to avoid when describing their findings?
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What characteristic involves changing strongly held views in the face of evidence?
What characteristic involves changing strongly held views in the face of evidence?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychological research?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychological research?
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What is the 'Either-Or fallacy' in psychological research?
What is the 'Either-Or fallacy' in psychological research?
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In the context of psychological research, what does the 'Not me fallacy' refer to?
In the context of psychological research, what does the 'Not me fallacy' refer to?
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What is one reason pseudoscience can be dangerous according to the text?
What is one reason pseudoscience can be dangerous according to the text?
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How is 'science' defined in the context of the text?
How is 'science' defined in the context of the text?
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Why do psychologists engage in research according to the text?
Why do psychologists engage in research according to the text?
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Which of the following statements is characteristic of pseudoscience?
Which of the following statements is characteristic of pseudoscience?
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What distinguishes popular psychology from scientific psychology?
What distinguishes popular psychology from scientific psychology?
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Which factor contributes to the growth of popular psychology industry?
Which factor contributes to the growth of popular psychology industry?
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What is a key responsibility when it comes to psychological information according to the text?
What is a key responsibility when it comes to psychological information according to the text?
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Why are some claims considered pseudoscientific in nature?
Why are some claims considered pseudoscientific in nature?
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What is essential to differentiating between popular and scientific psychology?
What is essential to differentiating between popular and scientific psychology?
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Which term describes the approach to knowledge that relies on a systematic method of generating hypotheses, collecting data, and explaining the data?
Which term describes the approach to knowledge that relies on a systematic method of generating hypotheses, collecting data, and explaining the data?
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What do good scientists avoid using when describing their findings, displaying humility in the process?
What do good scientists avoid using when describing their findings, displaying humility in the process?
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Which characteristic involves changing one's strongly held views in the face of evidence suggesting those views might be inaccurate?
Which characteristic involves changing one's strongly held views in the face of evidence suggesting those views might be inaccurate?
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In the scientific method, what term refers to obtaining information in a manner that is free from biases?
In the scientific method, what term refers to obtaining information in a manner that is free from biases?
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What does communalism, as mentioned by Merton, encourage scientists to do with their findings?
What does communalism, as mentioned by Merton, encourage scientists to do with their findings?
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Which term refers to accepting findings as accurate only after they have been verified repeatedly?
Which term refers to accepting findings as accurate only after they have been verified repeatedly?
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What is the main reason psychologists engage in research according to the text?
What is the main reason psychologists engage in research according to the text?
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Which fallacy is related to the concept of 'black or white' reasoning in psychological research?
Which fallacy is related to the concept of 'black or white' reasoning in psychological research?
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In the context of psychological research, what does the Bandwagon fallacy suggest?
In the context of psychological research, what does the Bandwagon fallacy suggest?
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Which component is fundamental to the scientific method according to the text?
Which component is fundamental to the scientific method according to the text?
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What is a significant danger associated with pseudoscience as mentioned in the text?
What is a significant danger associated with pseudoscience as mentioned in the text?
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Why is it important for psychologists to be open-minded to data according to the text?
Why is it important for psychologists to be open-minded to data according to the text?
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What is an impostor of science that cannot be measured scientifically?
What is an impostor of science that cannot be measured scientifically?
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Which statement is an example of misinformation highlighted in the text?
Which statement is an example of misinformation highlighted in the text?
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What responsibility do individuals have concerning psychological information?
What responsibility do individuals have concerning psychological information?
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What is a common misconception often portrayed by the media regarding psychology?
What is a common misconception often portrayed by the media regarding psychology?
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What is one key aspect that makes pseudoscience distinct from science?
What is one key aspect that makes pseudoscience distinct from science?
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Which of the following reflects a misconception often spread about brain capacity?
Which of the following reflects a misconception often spread about brain capacity?
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Study Notes
Thinking Traps and Biases
- Emotional reasoning fallacy: using emotions to evaluate information, ignoring data that contradicts preconceived notions
- Bandwagon fallacy: believing something because many people do, without considering evidence
- Either-Or fallacy: assuming only two alternatives exist, promoting black-and-white reasoning
- Not me fallacy: thinking one is immune to errors because they are familiar with the scientific method
Dangers of Pseudoscience
- Costly: seeking ineffective treatments, wasting resources
- Animal deaths: promoting animal testing for unproven treatments, leading to animal extinction
- Direct harm: harmful treatments can cause harm to individuals
Importance of Psychological Research
- Understanding human behavior and why people act in certain ways
- Psychology is a science, using the scientific method to explain human behavior
Science and Pseudoscience
- Science is an approach to evidence, not a body of knowledge
- Pseudoscience appears scientific but lacks empirical evidence, often promoting metaphysical claims
Characteristics of the Scientific Method
- Accuracy: gathering and evaluating information carefully and precisely
- Objectivity: obtaining information free from biases
- Skepticism: considering information carefully and accepting findings only after verification
- Open-Mindedness: changing views in the face of new evidence
Psychology vs. Popular Psychology
- Popular psychology often misinforms the public, making it essential to distinguish between scientific information and misinformation
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Description
Test your knowledge on common critical thinking fallacies such as emotional reasoning, bandwagon, and either-or fallacy. Learn to recognize these thinking traps and improve your ability to make rational decisions.
