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Critical Thinking and Logic Introduction
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Critical Thinking and Logic Introduction

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Questions and Answers

Who wrote the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal?

  • Simon Gieve and Godwin Watson
  • Robert Ennis and Simon Gieve
  • Edward Maynard Glaser and Robert Ennis
  • Godwin Watson and Edward Maynard Glaser (correct)

    • What is a key aspect of critical thinking, according to Robert Ennis' definition?

  • Following expert opinions
  • Ignoring alternative perspectives
  • Making quick decisions
  • Reflective and reasonable thinking (correct)

    • What is the main focus of the study of logic?

  • To develop good judgment in speaking and writing
  • To improve memory and guessing skills
  • To evaluate the soundness of an argument
  • To distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning (correct)

    • What is Simon Gieve's emphasis in his conception of critical thinking?

    <p>Examining reasons for actions and beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of reasoning?

    <p>To pass on information as evidence to others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of logic, according to the text?

    <p>The study of reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does logic as a discipline aim to accomplish?

    <p>To acquire principles and methods to evaluate arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should we do when listening to someone speak?

    <p>Evaluate what they say to convince ourselves of their logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by 'reasonable' in Robert Ennis' definition of critical thinking?

    <p>Unbiased and open-minded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an argument in the context of logic?

    <p>A set of reasons to support a conclusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by 'reflective' in Robert Ennis' definition of critical thinking?

    <p>Thoughtful and deliberate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary criterion for evaluating an argument in logic?

    <p>Whether the conclusion follows from the premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of critical thinking, according to the text?

    <p>To make a decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying logic?

    <p>To acquire principles and methods to evaluate arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of logic, according to the text?

    <p>To analyze and evaluate arguments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of logic as sound reasoning?

    <p>Using good judgment in speaking and writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of studying logic?

    <p>To acquire the skill to communicate logically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of learning logic?

    <p>To acquire the skill to communicate logically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the assignment?

    <p>To explain the views of critical thinkers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the book written by Russell in 1948?

    <p>Critical Thinking: An Introduction to Logic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the book 'Critical Thinking: The Basics'?

    <p>Hanscomb, S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study of logic not do?

    <p>Make you a reasonable person</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of studying logic?

    <p>To evaluate what others say or write</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the book written by Bassham et al. in 2021?

    <p>Critical Thinking: A Student's Introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a college education?

    <p>To teach students how to think</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of thinking is emphasized in many high schools?

    <p>Lower-order thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking about?

    <p>Actively evaluating ideas and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of technology in today's world?

    <p>It provides access to a world of thoughtful analysis and misinformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the way students are taught in high school and college?

    <p>High school focuses on rote learning, while college focuses on critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the proliferation of ill-informed views?

    <p>A growing number of people who dwell in a toxic 'echo chamber'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about college education?

    <p>College education is only about learning facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Jefferson, what is essential in a republican nation?

    <p>The art of reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of teaching students how to think?

    <p>It helps students to become independent, self-directed thinkers and learners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the meaning of 'critical'?

    <p>It means 'negative and fault-finding'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a college education?

    <p>It focuses on active, intelligent evaluation of ideas and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking, in essence?

    <p>Thinking clearly and intelligently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical thinking governed by?

    <p>High intellectual standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is widely regarded as the 'father' of the modern critical thinking tradition?

    <p>John Dewey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'active' process of critical thinking contrasted with?

    <p>A passive process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'reflective thinking' according to John Dewey?

    <p>An active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Critical Thinking and Logic

    • Critical thinking is a crucial aspect of college or university education, focusing on fostering "higher-order thinking" skills, such as active, intelligent evaluation of ideas and information.
    • The primary goal of a college education is to teach students how to think, rather than what to think, making them independent, self-directed thinkers and learners.
    • Critical thinking enables individuals to navigate the complexities of the modern world, where information and misinformation are readily available.

    The Concept of Critical Thinking

    • Critical thinking involves skilled judgment or observation, thinking clearly and intelligently, and identifying, analyzing, and evaluating arguments and truth claims.
    • It is a disciplined thinking process governed by high intellectual standards.
    • Critical thinking is not the same as negative and fault-finding, but rather involves clear and intelligent thinking.

    Explanations of Critical Thinking

    • John Dewey, the American philosopher, psychologist, and educator, defined critical thinking as "active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds which support it and the further conclusions to which it tends."
    • Dewey's definition emphasizes the importance of active, rather than passive, thinking.
    • Robert Ennis, another prominent contributor to the development of critical thinking, defined it as "reasonable, reflective thinking that is focused on deciding what to believe or do."
    • Simon Gieve's definition highlights the need for critical thinkers to examine the reasons for their actions, beliefs, and knowledge claims, requiring them to defend themselves and question others.

    The Concept of Logic

    • Logic is the analysis and appraisal of arguments, and can be briefly defined as the study of reasoning.
    • Reasoning is a special kind of thinking, involving an attempt to pass on certain items of information (reasons) to others for which they are evidence.
    • Logic can be looked at from two approaches: logic as sound reasoning and logic as a discipline.

    Logic as Sound Reasoning and Logic as a Discipline

    • Logic as sound reasoning involves a reasonable manner of speaking or writing, based on good judgment.
    • Logic as a discipline is the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning.
    • The purpose of studying logic is to acquire the principles and methods to judge or test arguments, distinguishing good arguments from bad ones.

    Importance of Logic

    • Logic enables individuals to evaluate what others say or write, determining whether their arguments are good or bad.
    • It helps to distinguish between argumentative discourse and non-argumentative discourse.
    • Learning logic affords individuals the skill to communicate logically, evaluate arguments, and distinguish between good and bad arguments.

    Assignment

    • The assignment requires explaining the views of various critical thinkers, including Adrienne Rich, Albert Einstein, Anais Nin, Anatole France, and Aristotle, using the Glossary on Critical Thinking.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of critical thinking and logic, including classical and contemporary explanations of critical thinking and an introduction to logic. Test your understanding of these essential concepts.

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