Critical Reasoning Introduction Course
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the course in critical reasoning?

  • Study of argumentation
  • Arguments and their nature (correct)
  • Informational reasoning
  • Practical logic

    • What is one of the objectives of the course in critical reasoning?

  • Studying biological sciences
  • Recognizing the complexity of good reasoning (correct)
  • Performing experiments in a lab
  • Learning advanced mathematics

    • What intellectual tools does the course aim to provide?

  • Tools for self-reflection and critical assessment of arguments (correct)
  • Physical exercise equipment
  • Cooking utensils
  • Art supplies

    • How does the course aim to deal with real dilemmas and ambiguities?

    <p>By providing argumentative skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What subject does the study of classical logic pertain to?

    <p>Natural language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of someone suffering from schizophrenia?

    <p>They fail to show appropriate emotion or express inappropriate emotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of hallucination that people with schizophrenia may experience?

    <p>Hearing voices that no one else hears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a delusion of persecution?

    <p>A belief that enemies are persecuting you</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of disorganized speech and thought in people with schizophrenia?

    <p>Illogical and incoherent speech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of schizophrenia?

    <p>Genetics and prenatal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of schizophrenia that affects daily activities?

    <p>Deterioration of daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of movement disorder in people with schizophrenia?

    <p>Unusual and uncoordinated movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of schizophrenia that affects social behavior?

    <p>Loss of normal emotional responses and social behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the term 'schizophrenia'?

    <p>From Greek roots meaning 'split mind' or 'shattered mind'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of depression?

    <p>Excessive motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a major depression?

    <p>Lasting weeks at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a symptom of Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?

    <p>Enhanced cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criterion for Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?

    <p>The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the idea behind the term 'schizophrenia'?

    <p>A split between the intellectual and emotional aspects of one personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of depression?

    <p>Excessive energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a criterion for Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?

    <p>The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the neurodevelopmental hypothesis, what is the origin of schizophrenia?

    <p>Nervous system impairments that develop before birth or in early childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of concern for others and their own needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contributory factor in the development of antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of somatic symptom disorders?

    <p>Worry and search for causes for illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of somatic symptom disorder?

    <p>Conversion disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines what is considered normal and abnormal sexual interests and behaviors?

    <p>Broader society and individual cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of having antisocial personality disorder?

    <p>Lack of concern for others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of people with somatic symptom disorders?

    <p>They continue to worry and look for causes for their illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Overview

    • Introduction to principles of good reasoning, similar to practical logic, informational reasoning, or the study of argumentation.

    Course Focus

    • Emphasis on arguments, their nature, use, and importance.

    Course Objectives

    • Enable students to recognize the need and complexity of good reasoning.
    • Teach students to deal argumentatively with real dilemmas and ambiguities of human language.
    • Provide intellectual tools for more rigorous self-reflection and critical assessment of other people's arguments.

    Relation to Classical Logic

    • Course relates to the study of classical logic as it pertains to natural language.

    Schizophrenia: Symptoms

    • A person with schizophrenia may express inappropriate emotion or fail to show appropriate emotion
    • Deterioration of daily activities
    • Hallucinations: perceptions that do not correspond to reality, such as hearing voices that no one else hears
    • Delusions: beliefs that someone holds strongly despite evidence against it
    • Disorganized speech and thought
    • Movement disorder
    • Loss of normal emotional responses and social behaviors

    Hallucinations

    • Auditory hallucinations: hearing voices that no one else hears
    • Voices may speak nonsense, direct the person to do something, or may be unclear
    • Having an occasional auditory hallucination does not mean someone is losing their mind

    Delusions

    • A delusion is a belief that someone holds strongly despite evidence against it
    • Examples: delusion of persecution, delusion of grandeur, delusion of reference
    • Taking all sorts of messages personally

    Disorganized Speech and Thought

    • Problems with communication, including illogical, incoherent, distracted, or tangential speech
    • Forgetting what they are trying to say

    Schizophrenia: Causes

    • Genetics and prenatal environment, aggravated by stress later in life
    • Link to specific genes
    • Neurodevelopmental hypothesis: nervous system impairments that develop before birth or in early childhood due to genetics or environment

    Personality Disorders

    • Antisocial personality disorder
    • Borderline personality disorder
    • A maladaptive, inflexible way of dealing with the environment and other people
    • Self-centeredness, lack of sense of responsibility, morality, or concern for others
    • Determined by own needs, lacking a conscience

    Antisocial Personality Disorder: Contributory Factors

    • Biological: genetic factors play a role in development
    • Social: neglectful and hostile parents, unsupervised children

    Somatic Symptom Disorders

    • Psychological and physical symptoms
    • Medical conditions: physical symptoms
    • Mental disorders: psychological symptoms
    • Types: illness anxiety disorder and conversion disorder
    • Worrying about symptoms despite no illness being found

    Gender Identity Disorders

    • Normal and "abnormal" sexual interests and behaviors defined by society and culture
    • Broader societal and cultural definitions

    Depression

    • A major depression: a more extreme condition lasting weeks
    • Little interest, pleasure, or motivation
    • Sadness is characteristic, but lack of happiness is more characteristic
    • Difficulty imagining anything that would make them happy

    Post Traumatic Stress Disorders

    • Exposure to death, threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation
    • Intrusion symptoms associated with the traumatic event
    • Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event
    • Negative alterations in cognitions and mood associated with the traumatic event
    • Clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
    • Not due to substance use or general medical condition

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    Description

    This introductory course covers the principles of good reasoning, practical logic, informational reasoning, and the study of argumentation. The main goal is to enable students to recognize arguments, their nature, use, and importance.

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